Place · sea

Arctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's oceans, surrounding the North Pole and bordered by Europe, Asia and North America. Much of it is covered by sea ice for most of the year. Between 1920 and 1944 Finland reached it through the Petsamo corridor, and its northern sea routes have grown in strategic and economic importance as the ice has retreated.

Arctic Ocean
Image: CIA · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Cite this entry
APA
The Epoch Institute. (2026). Arctic Ocean. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/arctic-ocean
MLA
“Arctic Ocean.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/arctic-ocean. Accessed .
Chicago
The Epoch Institute. “Arctic Ocean.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/arctic-ocean.
Harvard
The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Arctic Ocean’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/arctic-ocean (Accessed: ).

Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻