Place · site
Pungnap Toseong
Pungnap Toseong is a large earthen-walled site on the south bank of the Han River in Songpa, south-eastern Seoul, built around the third century CE. Its walls, about 3.5 kilometres around, enclosed a royal centre, and many historians identify it as the northern fortress of Hanseong, the capital of Baekje until its fall to Goguryeo in 475. Excavations have found palace and ritual buildings.

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- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). Pungnap Toseong. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/pungnap-toseong
- MLA
- “Pungnap Toseong.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/pungnap-toseong. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “Pungnap Toseong.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/pungnap-toseong.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Pungnap Toseong’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/pungnap-toseong (Accessed: ).
Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻