Person

Khalaf ibn Ahmad

937–1009 · 10th century

Khalaf ibn Ahmad was the last important Saffarid ruler of Sistan, governing from 963 as an autonomous amir under Samanid and later Ghaznavid pressure. He was known as a patron of scholars and religious learning. After a long struggle with Mahmud of Ghazni, he surrendered in 1003 and died in captivity in 1009, and Sistan passed under Ghaznavid rule.

Khalaf ibn Ahmad
Image: Classical Numismatic Group; [1] · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Mentioned in 1 state history

Saffarid dynasty

See also

Cite this entry
APA
The Epoch Institute. (2026). Khalaf ibn Ahmad. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/khalaf-ibn-ahmad
MLA
“Khalaf ibn Ahmad.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/khalaf-ibn-ahmad. Accessed .
Chicago
The Epoch Institute. “Khalaf ibn Ahmad.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/khalaf-ibn-ahmad.
Harvard
The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Khalaf ibn Ahmad’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/khalaf-ibn-ahmad (Accessed: ).

Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻