Person
Ercole Consalvi
Ercole Consalvi was an Italian cardinal and cardinal secretary of state to Pope Pius VII. He negotiated the Concordat of 1801 with Napoleon and, at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, recovered almost all the Papal States for the pope. He then reformed their administration and laws on modern lines, though many of his reforms were reversed after his retirement in 1823.

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- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). Ercole Consalvi. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/ercole-consalvi
- MLA
- “Ercole Consalvi.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/ercole-consalvi. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “Ercole Consalvi.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/ercole-consalvi.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Ercole Consalvi’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/ercole-consalvi (Accessed: ).
Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻