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Espíritu Pampa

Espíritu Pampa is an archaeological site in the forested lowlands of the Cusco region of Peru, identified as Vilcabamba, the last refuge of the Neo-Inca State. The Inca rulers held out there against the Spanish until 1572, when an expedition captured Túpac Amaru. Hiram Bingham visited the ruins in 1911 without recognising them, and Gene Savoy's work in the 1960s confirmed their identity.

Espíritu Pampa
Image: AgainErick · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Mentioned in 1 state history

Neo-Inca State

See also

Cite this entry
APA
The Epoch Institute. (2026). Espíritu Pampa. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/espiritu-pampa
MLA
“Espíritu Pampa.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/espiritu-pampa. Accessed .
Chicago
The Epoch Institute. “Espíritu Pampa.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/espiritu-pampa.
Harvard
The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Espíritu Pampa’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/espiritu-pampa (Accessed: ).

Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻