Anthem · c. 1934 · Islamic Caliphates & Middle East
My Homeland
موطني / Mawṭinī
A song of love for the homeland, written in 1934 by a Palestinian poet. It is now the national anthem of Iraq.
- Words
- Ibrahim Tuqan
- Music
- Mohammed Flayfel
- Culture
- Palestinians and the wider Arab world; Iraq since 2004
- Language
- Arabic
- Date
- c. 1934
- Type
- Anthem
- The words
- Public domain (words by Ibrahim Tuqan (c. 1934; he died in 1941))
The story
"Mawṭinī" ("My Homeland") is an Arabic patriotic poem by the Palestinian poet Ibrahim Tuqan, written around 1934 and set to music by the Lebanese composer Mohammed Flayfel, who also composed "Humat ad-Diyar", the national anthem of Syria. It became a popular patriotic song across the Arab world.
For much of the 20th century it served as an unofficial anthem of the Palestinians and of other peoples of the Middle East. In 1996 "Fidā'ī" officially took its place as the Palestinian national anthem, but many Palestinians still identify strongly with "Mawṭinī" and regard it as a second, unofficial national anthem.
In 2004 it became the national anthem of Iraq, on the order of Paul Bremer, the head of the Coalition Provisional Authority. Iraq had used an earlier, unrelated anthem of the same name: an instrumental "Mawṭinī" by Lewis Zanbaka, played in the late 1950s and early 1960s after Iraq became a republic. After the Ba'athist government was overthrown in 2003, that older piece was brought back for a short time in place of "Arḍulfurātayni", the anthem in use since 1981 and associated with Saddam Hussein's government, until Tuqan's song replaced it in 2004.
The song is widely seen as a reflection of the shared experiences of Arab peoples, and as a symbol of resistance and of the longing for liberation under occupation and oppression. Many Arab artists have recorded it anew; Elissa, Christina Sawaya and Faia Younan sang it in a video clip depicting the Syrian civil war.
What it says
A song of deep love for the homeland and of commitment to its freedom. Its feelings move between sorrow, anger and hope, toward a vision of a free and united nation.
The words
مَوْطِنِي مَوْطِنِيMawtinī mawtinīMy homeland, my homeland,
اَلْجَلَالُ وَالْجَمَالُ وَالسَّنَاءُ وَالْبَهَاءُAl-jalālu wa-al-jamālu wa-al-sanāʾu wa-al-bahāʾumajesty and beauty, radiance and splendour
فِي رُبَاكْ فِي رُبَاكْFī rubāk fī rubākare in your hills, in your hills;
وَالْحَيَاةُ وَالنَّجَاةُ وَالْهَنَاءُ وَالرَّجَاءُWa-al-hayātu wa-al-najātu wa-al-hanāʾu wa-al-rajāʾulife and deliverance, delight and hope
فِي هَوَاكْ فِي هَوَاكْFī hawāk fī hawākare in your air, in your air.
هَلْ أَرَاكْ هَلْ أَرَاكْHal arāk hal arākShall I see you, shall I see you
سَالِمًا مُنَعَّمًا وَغَانِمًا مُكَرَّمًاSāliman munaʿʿaman wa-ghāniman mukarramansafe, living in ease, victorious and honoured?
هَلْ أَرَاكْ فِي عُلَاكْHal arāk fī ʿulākShall I see you in your height
تَبْلُغُ السِّمَاكْ تَبْلُغُ السِّمَاكْTablughu al-simāk tablughu al-simākreaching al-Simak, reaching al-Simak?
مَوْطِنِي مَوْطِنِيMawtinī mawtinīMy homeland, my homeland.
مَوْطِنِي مَوْطِنِيMawtinī mawtinīMy homeland, my homeland,
اَلشَّبَابُ لَنْ يَكِلَّ هَمُّهُ أَنْ يَسْتَقِلَّAl-shabābu lan yakilla hammuhu an yastaqillathe youth will not tire; their care is that you be independent
أَوْ يَبِيدْ أَوْ يَبِيدْAw yabīd aw yabīdor they perish, or they perish.
نَسْتَقِي مِنَ الرَّدَىٰ وَلَنْ نَكُونَ لِلْعِدَىٰNastaqī mina al-radá wa-lan nakūna lil-ʿidáWe will drink of death, and we will not be to the enemies
كَالْعَبِيدْ كَالْعَبِيدْKa-al-ʿabīd ka-al-ʿabīdlike slaves, like slaves.
لَا نُرِيدْ لَا نُرِيدْLā nurīd lā nurīdWe do not want, we do not want
ذُلَّنَا الْمُؤَبَّدَا وَعَيْشَنَا الْمُنَكَّدَاDhullanā al-muʾabbadā wa-ʿayshanā al-munakkadāour everlasting humiliation and our embittered life;
لَا نُرِيدْ بَلْ نُعِيدْLā nurīd bal nuʿīdwe do not want it, but we will bring back
مَجْدَنَا التَّلِيدْ مَجْدَنَا التَّلِيدْMajdanā al-talīd majdanā al-talīdour ancient glory, our ancient glory.
مَوْطِنِي مَوْطِنِيMawtinī mawtinīMy homeland, my homeland.
مَوْطِنِي مَوْطِنِيMawtinī mawtinīMy homeland, my homeland,
اَلْحُسَامُ وَ الْيَرَاعُ لَا الْكَلَامُ وَالنِّزَاعُAl-husāmu wa-al-yarāʿu lā al-kalāmu wa-al-nizāʿuthe sword and the pen, not talk and quarrelling,
رَمْزُنَا رَمْزُنَاRamzunā ramzunāare our emblem, our emblem.
مَجْدُنَا وَ عَهْدُنَا وَوَاجِبٌ مِنَ الْوَفَاءMajdunā wa-ʿahdunā wa-wājibun mina al-wafāʾOur glory and our covenant, and a duty of faithfulness,
يَهُزُّنَا يَهُزُّنَاYahuzzunā yahuzzunāstir us, stir us.
عِزُّنَا عِزُّنَاʿIzzunā ʿizzunāOur pride, our pride
غَايَةٌ تُشَرِّفُ وَرَايَةٌ تُرَفْرِفُGhāyatun tusharrifu wa-rāyatun turafrifuis an aim that brings honour and a banner that flutters.
يَا هَنَاكْ فِي عُلَاكْYā hanāk fī ʿulākO how happy you are in your height,
قَاهِرًا عِدَاكْ قَاهِرًا عِدَاكْQāhiran ʿidāk qāhiran ʿidākoverpowering your enemies, overpowering your enemies.
مَوْطِنِي مَوطِنِيMawtinī mawtinīMy homeland, my homeland.
Original: Ibrahim Tuqan (c. 1934); the Arabic text as quoted in Wikipedia's article. Text from Wikipedia; public domain.
The romanization is the Institute’s own (ALA-LC).
The English is the Institute’s own translation, made from the original for this page.
Notes on the translation (7)
- Romanization: ALA-LC without the dots under letters (h, s, t, d, z for the emphatic letters), with ʿ for ʿayn and ʾ for hamza; the pausal endings (rubāk, yabīd) are written as the vocalised text has them.
- line 1.5: 'hawāk' is 'your air, your breeze'; the same word also means 'love of you', and both senses may be meant.
- line 1.9: al-Simāk is the Arabic name of bright stars (Arcturus and Spica); 'reaching al-Simāk' means reaching the heights of the sky.
- line 2.2: 'hammuhu an yastaqilla' can be read 'their care is to be independent' (the youth themselves) or 'that you be independent'; the subject of yastaqilla is the youth's aim, the homeland's freedom.
- line 2.4: 'nastaqī mina al-radá', literally 'we draw water from death', i.e. we will drink death rather than be enslaved.
- line 3.2: 'al-yarāʿ' is the reed pen.
- line 3.8: 'yā hanāk' is an exclamation of wished happiness, 'how blessed you are'.
Listen
On YouTube, from the channel Elissa. Pressing play loads YouTube’s player. Watch on YouTube
What it inspired
- Video clip (Elissa, Christina Sawaya and Faia Younan)new recording, with images of the Syrian civil war
- The Voice of Iraq (Ilham al Madfai)recording
People, places and events
Sources
- Wikipedia, "Mawtini", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mawtini
Cite this page
- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). My Homeland. In Songs in History. https://the-epoch-institute.org/songs/mawtini
- MLA
- “My Homeland.” Songs in History, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/songs/mawtini. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “My Homeland.” Songs in History. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/songs/mawtini.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘My Homeland’, Songs in History. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/songs/mawtini (Accessed: ).