republic · Maritime Southeast Asia

Republic of Katagalugan

1902 CE – 1906 CE

Last revolutionary republic of the Philippine-American War, led by Macario Sakay in the mountains of southern Luzon.

Origins

After the United States declared the Philippine-American War over in 1902, the former Katipunan member Macario Sakay refused to accept defeat. In 1902 he revived the name of Andres Bonifacio's Tagalog Republic and proclaimed the Republic of Katagalugan, with himself as president, in the hills of Rizal and neighbouring provinces.

Rule and society

The republic had a constitution, a cabinet and a flag, and it organised guerrilla bands that raided towns in Rizal, Cavite, Laguna and Batangas. American authorities labelled its fighters bandits under the Brigandage Act of 1902 and used reconcentration of villagers to cut them off from support.

Decline and legacy

In July 1906 Sakay surrendered after the labour leader Dominador Gomez promised amnesty, but he was arrested, tried for banditry and hanged in 1907. He is now honoured as a Filipino patriot.

Connections (1)

More states of Maritime Southeast Asia →

Cite this page
APA
The Epoch Institute. (2026). Republic of Katagalugan. In The Epoch Institute States Register. https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/republic-of-katagalugan
MLA
“Republic of Katagalugan.” The Epoch Institute States Register, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/republic-of-katagalugan. Accessed .
Chicago
The Epoch Institute. “Republic of Katagalugan.” The Epoch Institute States Register. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/republic-of-katagalugan.
Harvard
The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Republic of Katagalugan’, The Epoch Institute States Register. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/republic-of-katagalugan (Accessed: ).

Last reviewed October 2026Random state ↻