Person

Al-Biruni

973 – c. 1050 · 11th century · Also known as Abu Rayhan al-Biruni

Al-Biruni was a Khwarazmian scholar born near Kath and one of the greatest minds of the medieval Islamic world. He wrote on astronomy, mathematics, geography, chronology and pharmacology, estimated the Earth's radius, and after travelling to India with Mahmud of Ghazni wrote a detailed study of Indian religion and science. His Chronology of Ancient Nations preserves much of what is known of the Afrighid dynasty.

Al-Biruni
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Cite this entry
APA
The Epoch Institute. (2026). Al-Biruni. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/al-biruni
MLA
“Al-Biruni.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/al-biruni. Accessed .
Chicago
The Epoch Institute. “Al-Biruni.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/al-biruni.
Harvard
The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Al-Biruni’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/al-biruni (Accessed: ).

Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻