Person
Baruch Spinoza
Baruch Spinoza was a Dutch philosopher from Amsterdam's Portuguese Jewish community, which expelled him in 1656. His Theological-Political Treatise of 1670 argued for freedom of thought and a historical reading of the Bible, and his Ethics, published after his death, set out a philosophy identifying God with nature. He is counted among the founders of modern rationalism and of the Enlightenment.
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- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). Baruch Spinoza. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/baruch-spinoza
- MLA
- “Baruch Spinoza.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/baruch-spinoza. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “Baruch Spinoza.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/baruch-spinoza.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Baruch Spinoza’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/baruch-spinoza (Accessed: ).
Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻