Religion / idea · religion
Kalamukha
The Kalamukhas were a Shaiva ascetic sect of medieval India, closely related to the Pashupatas, that flourished especially in Karnataka between the ninth and thirteenth centuries. Their priests ran large temples and monastic colleges, such as those at Balligave, teaching grammar, philosophy and the Vedas with generous support from the Western Chalukyas and Hoysalas. The sect declined after the rise of the Lingayats.
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- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). Kalamukha. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/kalamukha
- MLA
- “Kalamukha.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/kalamukha. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “Kalamukha.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/kalamukha.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Kalamukha’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/kalamukha (Accessed: ).
Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻