Person
Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma
Marie Louise was an Austrian archduchess, daughter of Emperor Francis I, who married Napoleon in 1810 and bore his son, Napoleon II. After Napoleon's fall the Congress of Vienna gave her the Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla for life. She ruled it until her death in 1847, after which Parma passed to the Bourbons.

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Mentioned in 2 state histories
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- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/marie-louise-duchess-of-parma
- MLA
- “Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/marie-louise-duchess-of-parma. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/marie-louise-duchess-of-parma.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/marie-louise-duchess-of-parma (Accessed: ).
Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻