Mbandzeni

Mbandzeni was king of the Swazi from 1875 until his death in 1889. During his reign he granted large numbers of concessions to white speculators and settlers, covering grazing and farming land, minerals, customs and even the right to run public services, in return for payments. The concessions undermined Swazi independence and became the basis for Transvaal and British control of the kingdom in the 1890s.