Event
Single Whip reform
The Single Whip reform was a fiscal reform of Ming China that combined the land tax and labour service obligations into a single payment, largely in silver. Tried locally from the 1530s, it was extended across the empire in the 1570s and 1580s under the grand secretary Zhang Juzheng. It simplified collection and reflected the growing flow of silver into China from Japan and Spanish America.
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Cite this entry
- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). Single Whip reform. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/single-whip-reform
- MLA
- “Single Whip reform.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/single-whip-reform. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “Single Whip reform.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/single-whip-reform.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Single Whip reform’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/single-whip-reform (Accessed: ).
Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻