kingdom · Poland, Lithuania and Russia
Congress Poland
Origins
The Congress of Vienna in 1815 turned most of the Duchy of Warsaw into a Kingdom of Poland joined to the Russian Empire by personal union, with Tsar Alexander I as king. It received a liberal constitution, its own Sejm, army, currency and administration, with Warsaw as capital.
Rule and society
In practice the tsar's brother Grand Duke Constantine commanded the army and disregarded the constitution. The November Uprising of 1830 was crushed, and Marshal Ivan Paskevich governed as viceroy for decades. After the January Uprising of 1863 the kingdom lost its remaining autonomy and was renamed the Vistula Land, with Russian imposed in schools. At the same time Lodz grew into a great textile city.
Decline and legacy
During the First World War German and Austro-Hungarian armies drove the Russians out in 1915. The occupiers proclaimed the Kingdom of Poland (1916-1918), and its lands became the core of the Second Polish Republic.
Lineage
On the connections map
Open the full map →Connections (2)
- Congress Poland in personal union with Russian Empire1815 CE – 1831 CE
- Congress Poland was a province of Russian Empire1831 CE – 1915 CE
More states of Poland, Lithuania and Russia →
Cite this page
- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). Congress Poland. In The Epoch Institute States Register. https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/congress-poland
- MLA
- “Congress Poland.” The Epoch Institute States Register, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/congress-poland. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “Congress Poland.” The Epoch Institute States Register. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/congress-poland.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Congress Poland’, The Epoch Institute States Register. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/congress-poland (Accessed: ).
Last reviewed October 2026Random state ↻