republic · South America
State of Quito
Origins
Quito's first junta of 10 August 1809 was suppressed, and on 2 August 1810 royalist troops massacred imprisoned patriots in Quito. A second junta formed in September 1810, promoted by Carlos Montúfar, a royal commissioner who sided with the patriots; Bishop José Cuero y Caicedo later became its president. In December 1811 it broke with the Regency Council in Spain.
Rule and society
In February 1812 a congress adopted the Solemn Pact of Society and Union, a constitution creating the State of Quito, which still recognised Ferdinand VII in principle while asserting self-rule. Bitter rivalry between the Montúfar faction and the Sánchez de Orellana family weakened the government, and Cuenca and Guayaquil remained royalist.
Decline and legacy
Forces sent by the viceroy of Peru under Toribio Montes took Quito in November 1812 and defeated the last patriots at Ibarra in December. The Royal Audiencia of Quito was restored until independence in 1822.
Lineage
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- State of Quito was conquered by Spanish Empire1812 CE
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Cite this page
- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). State of Quito. In The Epoch Institute States Register. https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/state-of-quito
- MLA
- “State of Quito.” The Epoch Institute States Register, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/state-of-quito. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “State of Quito.” The Epoch Institute States Register. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/state-of-quito.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘State of Quito’, The Epoch Institute States Register. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/state-of-quito (Accessed: ).
Last reviewed October 2026Random state ↻