republic · Iberia
Third Portuguese Republic
Origins
On 25 April 1974 the Armed Forces Movement, junior officers weary of the colonial wars, overthrew the Estado Novo (Portugal) in the almost bloodless Carnation Revolution. A turbulent revolutionary period followed, with nationalisations and land seizures, until a moderate coup on 25 November 1975.
Rule and society
The Constitution of 1976 established a semi-presidential democracy. Portugal granted independence to Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Angola, Cape Verde and São Tomé in 1974-1975, receiving hundreds of thousands of returnees. Mário Soares's Socialists and the Social Democrats alternated in power. Portugal joined the European Economic Community in 1986 and adopted the euro in 1999, and handed Macau to China the same year.
To the present
Portugal remains a parliamentary democracy and member of the European Union and NATO. After the 2011 debt crisis and bailout, it recovered with growing tourism and investment.
Lineage
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- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). Third Portuguese Republic. In The Epoch Institute States Register. https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/third-portuguese-republic
- MLA
- “Third Portuguese Republic.” The Epoch Institute States Register, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/third-portuguese-republic. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “Third Portuguese Republic.” The Epoch Institute States Register. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/third-portuguese-republic.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Third Portuguese Republic’, The Epoch Institute States Register. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/third-portuguese-republic (Accessed: ).
Last reviewed October 2026Random state ↻