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United Provinces of Central Italy
Origins
During the war of 1859 between Austria and the alliance of France and the Kingdom of Sardinia, the rulers of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the Duchy of Modena and Reggio and the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza fled, and the papal Legations of Romagna rebelled. Their provisional governments formed a league with a common army under General Manfredo Fanti.
Rule and society
The union was a military and political alliance rather than a full state. Luigi Carlo Farini governed Modena, Parma and Romagna, united as Emilia, while Bettino Ricasoli led Tuscany. Their assemblies voted to join the Kingdom of Sardinia, defying the Peace of Villafranca, which had foreseen the return of the old rulers.
Decline and legacy
After plebiscites in March 1860, the territories were annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia, with France receiving Nice and Savoy in exchange. They became part of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861.
Lineage
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- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). United Provinces of Central Italy. In The Epoch Institute States Register. https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/united-provinces-of-central-italy
- MLA
- “United Provinces of Central Italy.” The Epoch Institute States Register, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/united-provinces-of-central-italy. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “United Provinces of Central Italy.” The Epoch Institute States Register. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/united-provinces-of-central-italy.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘United Provinces of Central Italy’, The Epoch Institute States Register. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/united-provinces-of-central-italy (Accessed: ).
Last reviewed October 2026Random state ↻