Abd al-Hafid of Morocco

Abd al-Hafid was sultan of Morocco of the Alaouite dynasty from 1908 to 1912. He rebelled against his brother Abd al-Aziz, whose concessions to European powers were unpopular, and was proclaimed sultan in 1907–1908. Unable to control revolt or resist foreign pressure, he signed the Treaty of Fez on 30 March 1912, making Morocco a French protectorate, and abdicated later that year.