Person

Adam Ferguson

1723–1816 · 18th century

Adam Ferguson was a Scottish philosopher and historian of the Scottish Enlightenment, professor at the University of Edinburgh. His Essay on the History of Civil Society of 1767 traced how societies develop from rude to commercial stages and warned that commerce and the division of labour could weaken civic virtue. He is often counted among the founders of modern sociology.

Adam Ferguson
Image: Joshua Reynolds · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

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Cite this entry
APA
The Epoch Institute. (2026). Adam Ferguson. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/adam-ferguson
MLA
“Adam Ferguson.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/adam-ferguson. Accessed .
Chicago
The Epoch Institute. “Adam Ferguson.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/adam-ferguson.
Harvard
The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Adam Ferguson’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/adam-ferguson (Accessed: ).

Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻