Atatürk's reforms

Atatürk's reforms were the political, legal, cultural and social changes carried out in Turkey under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk between 1923 and 1938 to build a secular, national and modern state in place of the Ottoman Empire. They included the abolition of the caliphate in 1924, the closure of religious courts and orders, a civil code based on Swiss law, the adoption of the Latin alphabet in 1928 and the vote for women in national elections in 1934. Their guiding principles, known as Kemalism, were written into the constitution in 1937.