Person
Cesare Beccaria
Cesare Beccaria (1738–1794) was an Italian jurist, philosopher and economist of the Milanese Enlightenment. His treatise On Crimes and Punishments (1764) condemned torture and the death penalty and argued that punishments should be proportionate and aimed at preventing crime rather than at revenge. It influenced penal reform across Europe, including Tuscany's abolition of the death penalty in 1786.
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- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). Cesare Beccaria. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/cesare-beccaria
- MLA
- “Cesare Beccaria.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/cesare-beccaria. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “Cesare Beccaria.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/cesare-beccaria.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Cesare Beccaria’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/cesare-beccaria (Accessed: ).
Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻