Al-Burda

قصيدة البردة / Qasīdat al-Burda

A long Arabic poem from 13th-century Egypt in praise of the Prophet Muhammad, recited by Muslims all over the world.

Words
al-Busiri
Music
traditional (recited and chanted)
Culture
Muslims, above all Sufi communities
Language
Arabic
Place
Egypt
Date
13th century
Type
Sacred
The words
Public domain (words by al-Busiri (13th century))

The story

Qasīdat al-Burda, the "Ode of the Mantle", is a thirteenth-century ode in praise of Muhammad by al-Busiri, a mystic of the Shadhili Sufi order in Egypt. Its own title is "The Celestial Lights in Praise of the Best of Creation". The poem's story is told of its author: al-Busiri, afflicted by illness, praised Muhammad without ceasing until the Prophet appeared to him in a dream and wrapped him in a mantle; in the morning he found that God had cured him. The name recalls an older poem, Bānat Suʿād by Ka'b ibn Zuhayr, which was first called al-Burda: Ka'b recited it before Muhammad after embracing Islam, and Muhammad, moved, put his own mantle over him. Al-Busiri's poem, in which the mantle comes in a dream, became by far the more famous of the two.

The Burda has ten chapters and 160 verses, all on one rhyme: every verse ends in the Arabic letter mīm, a form called mīmiyya. A refrain asking God's blessings and peace on the Prophet is sung between the verses. The chapters move from love poetry and warnings against the self's whims to the praise of the Prophet, his birth, his miracles, the Qur'an, his Ascension and his struggles, and end with a plea for his intercession and a personal prayer.

Sufis have long venerated the poem. It is learned by heart and recited in gatherings, and many Muslims recite it both day to day and on special occasions such as the Mawlid, the Prophet's birthday, which makes it one of the most recited poems in the world. Its verses decorate the walls of public buildings and mosques; for centuries they decorated the Prophet's Mosque in Medina, where all but two lines were later erased.

Mainstream Sufi scholars such as Ibn Hajar al-Haytami, Nazifi and Qastallani wrote commentaries on it, over 90 in all, and the Shafi'i hadith master Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani (d. 852 AH) studied it, reading it aloud to his teacher and receiving it in writing from a transmitter who had heard it from al-Busiri himself. Not everyone approved: the Najdi scholar Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab held the poem to be shirk, idolatry. It has been translated into Persian, Turkish, the Berber languages, Urdu, Punjabi, Sindhi, Saraiki, Hausa, Chinese, French, German, Norwegian and English, among others.

The Burda also became the model of a kind of poem. Ahmad Shawqi wrote Nahj al-Burda in its style, and Tamim al-Barghouti's Burdat Tamim, written in November and December 2010 and first published in 2013, is the latest major work in the line; in 2020 he presented it in a five-part video series that first explains the three earlier Burdas, Ka'b's, al-Busiri's and Shawqi's.

What it says

A devotional poem of love and praise for the Prophet Muhammad. It begins with longing and with the poet's regret for his own failings, then recounts the Prophet's birth, miracles, the Qur'an and his night journey, and ends by asking for his intercession and God's mercy. Its mood is yearning, reverent and hopeful.

The words

أمِنْ تذَكُّرِ جيرانٍ بذي سلمِA-min tadhakkuri jīrānin bi-Dhī SalamiIs it from remembering neighbours at Dhū Salam

مزجتَ دمعاً جرى من مقلةٍ بدمِmazajta damʿan jarā min muqlatin bi-damithat you have mixed tears flowing from your eye with blood?

أمْ هبَّتِ الريحُ من تلقاءِ كاظمةٍAm habbati r-rīḥu min tilqāʾi KāẓimatinOr has the wind blown from the direction of Kāẓima,

وأوْمَضَ البَرْقُ في الظلْماءِ مِنْ إضَمِwa-awmaḍa l-barqu fi ẓ-ẓalmāʾi min Iḍamiand lightning flashed in the darkness from Iḍam?

فما لعينيكَ إن قلتَ اكففا هَمَتاFa-mā li-ʿaynayka in qulta kfufā hamatāWhat ails your eyes, that when you say "hold back" they stream,

ومَا لِقَلْبِك إنْ قُلْتَ اسْتَفِقْ يَهِمِwa-mā li-qalbika in qulta stafiq yahimiand your heart, that when you say "come to your senses" it wanders?

أَيَحْسَبُ الصَّبُّ أنَّ الحُبَّ مُنْكتِمٌA-yaḥsabu ṣ-ṣabbu anna l-ḥubba munkatimunDoes the lover think that love can be hidden,

ما بَيْنَ مُنْسَجِم منهُ ومضطَرِمِmā bayna munsajimin minhu wa-muḍṭarimibetween a flood of tears and a heart on fire?

لولاَ الهَوَى لَمْ تُرِقْ دَمْعاً عَلَى طَلَلٍLawlā l-hawā lam turiq damʿan ʿalā ṭalalinWere it not for passion you would not shed tears over a ruin,

ولا أرقتَ لذكرِ البانِ والعَلمِwa-lā ariqta li-dhikri l-bāni wa-l-ʿalaminor lie sleepless at the mention of the willow and the mountain.

فكيفَ تُنْكِرُ حُبَّا بعدَ ما شَهِدَتْFa-kayfa tunkiru ḥubban baʿda mā shahidatSo how can you deny a love,

بهِ عليكَ عدولُ الدَّمْعِ والسَّقَمbihi ʿalayka ʿudūlu d-damʿi wa-s-saqamiwhen the honest witnesses of tears and sickness have testified against you?

وَأثْبَتَ الوجْدُ خَطَّيْ عَبْرَةٍ وضَنًىWa-athbata l-wajdu khaṭṭay ʿabratin wa-ḍananLonging has fixed two lines of weeping and wasting

مِثْلَ البَهارِ عَلَى خَدَّيْكَ والعَنَمِmithla l-bahāri ʿalā khaddayka wa-l-ʿanamion your cheeks, like the yellow of narcissus and the red of the ʿanam berry.

نعمْ سرى طيفُ من أهوى فأرقنيNaʿam sarā ṭayfu man ahwā fa-arraqanīYes, the phantom of the one I love came by night and kept me awake;

والحُبُّ يَعْتَرِضُ اللَّذاتِ بالأَلَمِwa-l-ḥubbu yaʿtariḍu l-ladhdhāti bi-l-alamilove blocks pleasure with pain.

يا لائِمِي في الهَوَى العُذْرِيِّ مَعْذِرَةًYā lāʾimī fi l-hawā l-ʿudhriyyi maʿdhiratanYou who blame me for a chaste love, accept my excuse;

منِّي إليكَ ولو أنصفتَ لم تلُمِminnī ilayka wa-law anṣafta lam talumihad you been fair, you would not blame.

عَدَتْكَ حالِيَ لا سِرِّي بمُسْتَتِرٍʿAdatka ḥāliya lā sirrī bi-mustatirinMay my state pass you by: my secret is not hidden

عن الوُشاةِ ولادائي بمنحسمِʿani l-wushāti wa-lā dāʾī bi-munḥasimifrom slanderers, nor is my sickness cut off.

مَحَّضَتْنِي النُّصْحَ لكِنْ لَسْتُ أَسْمَعُهُMaḥḥaḍatniya n-nuṣḥa lākin lastu asmaʿuhuYou gave me sincere advice, but I do not hear it;

إنَّ المُحِبَّ عَن العُذَّالِ في صَمَمِinna l-muḥibba ʿani l-ʿudhdhāli fī ṣamamithe lover is deaf to those who reproach.

إني اتهمتُ نصيحَ الشيبِ في عذلٍInnī ttahamtu naṣīḥa sh-shaybi fī ʿadhalinI even suspected the counsel of grey hair in its reproach,

والشَّيْبُ أَبْعَدُ في نُصْحٍ عَنِ التُّهَمwa-sh-shaybu abʿadu fī nuṣḥin ʿani t-tuhamithough grey hair is the furthest of advisers from suspicion.

Original: al-Busiri, Qasidat al-Burda (13th century): the first chapter, on love-longing. Text from Wikisource; public domain.

The romanization is the Institute’s own (ALA-LC romanization of Arabic, with the vowels of the verse).

The English is the Institute’s own translation, made from the original for this page.

Notes on the translation (4)
  • The text is the poem's first chapter, the nasīb or love-prelude, one verse to a stanza: twelve of its about 160 verses. The refrain sung between verses in many performances ("Mawlāya ṣalli wa-sallim …") is a later addition and is not part of this edition.
  • Verses 1–2: Dhū Salam, Kāẓima and Iḍam are places on the way to Medina, which is how the love-prelude turns, in the second chapter, into praise of the Prophet.
  • Verse 5: the willow (bān) and the mountain (ʿalam) are stock images of the beloved's camp in Arabic love poetry.
  • Verse 7: the ʿanam is a shrub with red fruit or blossom; with the yellow narcissus (bahār) it pictures cheeks yellowed by wasting and reddened by bloody tears.

Listen

On YouTube, from the channel Salat Ala Nabi قناة الصلاة على النبي. Pressing play loads YouTube’s player. Watch on YouTube

What it inspired

  • Nahj al-Burda (Ahmad Shawqi)poem in a similar style
  • Burdat Tamim (Tamim al-Barghouti) 2010new poem in the Burda line; published 2013, video series 2020
  • The Mantle Adorned (Timothy Winter)English translation
  • TianfangshijingChinese translation
  • Commentaries by Ibn Hajar al-Haytami, Nazifi, Qastallani and othersover 90 commentaries

What it drew on

  • Bānat Suʿād (Ka'b ibn Zuhayr)an earlier poem first called al-Burda (whether al-Busiri drew on it is not known)

People, places and events

al-BusiriMuhammadKa'b ibn ZuhayrIbn Hajar al-HaytamiNazifiQastallaniIbn Hajar al-AsqalaniMuhammad ibn Abd al-WahhabAhmad ShawqiTamim al-BarghoutiTimothy WinterEgyptMedinaProphet's MosqueMawlid

Sources

Cite this page
APA
The Epoch Institute. (2026). Al-Burda. In Songs in History. https://the-epoch-institute.org/songs/al-burda
MLA
“Al-Burda.” Songs in History, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/songs/al-burda. Accessed .
Chicago
The Epoch Institute. “Al-Burda.” Songs in History. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/songs/al-burda.
Harvard
The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Al-Burda’, Songs in History. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/songs/al-burda (Accessed: ).

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