nomadic confederation · China, Tibet and Mongolia

Khamag Mongol

1130 CE – 1206 CE (approx.)

The 12th-century confederation of Mongol clans in the Onon and Kherlen valleys, out of which Temüjin built the Mongol Empire.

Origins

Mongol clans of the Onon and Kherlen river valleys in north-eastern Mongolia united in the early 12th century under Khabul Khan, an ancestor of Genghis Khan, who is said to have defied the Jin dynasty (1115-1234). The name means 'All the Mongols'.

Rule and society

The confederation was a loose alliance of Borjigin, Tayichiud and other clans, choosing khans at assemblies. Its second khan, Ambaghai, was handed over by the Tatars to the Jin and executed; his successor Hotula Khan fought the Tatars, but after him the khanship lapsed and clans feuded, as with Yesügei, father of Temüjin, and the Tayichiud.

Decline and legacy

Temüjin gathered followers in the 1180s and was acclaimed khan of the Mongols, then defeated the Tatars, Keraites and Naimans. In 1206 an assembly on the Onon proclaimed him Genghis Khan, turning the confederation into the Mongol Empire.

Lineage

Khamag MongolMongol Empire 1206 CE – 1368 CE

Connections (3)

Tatar confederation was conquered by Khamag Mongol1202 CE
Keraite Khanate was conquered by Khamag Mongol1203 CE
Naiman Khanate was conquered by Khamag Mongol1204 CE

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Cite this page

APA: The Epoch Institute. (2026). Khamag Mongol. In The Epoch Institute States Register. https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/khamag-mongol
MLA: “Khamag Mongol.” The Epoch Institute States Register, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/khamag-mongol. Accessed .
Chicago: The Epoch Institute. “Khamag Mongol.” The Epoch Institute States Register. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/khamag-mongol.
Harvard: The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Khamag Mongol’, The Epoch Institute States Register. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/khamag-mongol (Accessed: ).

Last reviewed October 2026Random state ↻