kingdom · China, Tibet and Mongolia
Kingdom of Tungning
Origins
Koxinga (Zheng Chenggong), son of the merchant-admiral Zheng Zhilong, led Ming loyalist forces on the Fujian coast after 1646. After a failed attack on Nanjing in 1659 he sought a new base, invaded Dutch Formosa in 1661 and took Fort Zeelandia in 1662, but died a few months later.
Rule and society
His son Zheng Jing and the minister Chen Yonghua built a Chinese-style administration at Tungning (Tainan), founded the first Confucian temple and schools on Taiwan in 1666, settled soldiers on farmland and traded with Japan, South-east Asia and the English East India Company. Zheng Jing joined the Revolt of the Three Feudatories in 1674 and occupied coastal Fujian for a time.
Decline and legacy
After Zheng Jing's death in 1681, court factions placed his young son Zheng Keshuang on the throne. In 1683 the Qing admiral Shi Lang destroyed the Zheng fleet at Penghu, and Zheng Keshuang surrendered. Taiwan became a prefecture of Fujian under the Qing Empire.
Lineage
On the connections map
Open the full map →Connections (2)
- Dutch Formosa was conquered by Kingdom of Tungning1662 CE
- Kingdom of Tungning was conquered by Qing Empire1683 CE
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Cite this page
- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). Kingdom of Tungning. In The Epoch Institute States Register. https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/kingdom-of-tungning
- MLA
- “Kingdom of Tungning.” The Epoch Institute States Register, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/kingdom-of-tungning. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “Kingdom of Tungning.” The Epoch Institute States Register. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/kingdom-of-tungning.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Kingdom of Tungning’, The Epoch Institute States Register. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/kingdom-of-tungning (Accessed: ).
Last reviewed October 2026Random state ↻