Person
al-Hakam II
Al-Hakam II was the second Umayyad caliph of Córdoba, reigning from 961 to 976 after his father Abd al-Rahman III. A scholar and bibliophile, he assembled a library said to hold some 400,000 volumes and enlarged the Great Mosque of Córdoba with a richly decorated mihrab. His reign was peaceful and prosperous, but his young son Hisham II fell under the control of the chamberlain al-Mansur.

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- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). al-Hakam II. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/al-hakam-ii
- MLA
- “al-Hakam II.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/al-hakam-ii. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “al-Hakam II.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/al-hakam-ii.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘al-Hakam II’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/al-hakam-ii (Accessed: ).
Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻