Guru Arjan

Guru Arjan was the fifth of the ten Sikh Gurus, born in Goindval in the Punjab, the youngest son of Guru Ram Das, whom he succeeded in 1581. He compiled the hymns of the earlier Gurus and other saints into the Adi Granth, the first edition of the Sikh scripture, completed the Darbar Sahib at Amritsar, and is credited with founding Kartarpur, Hargobindpur and Tarn Taran. He asked Sikhs to give a tenth of their income, the dasvandh, which financed gurdwaras and langars. Arrested on the orders of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir, who accused him of supporting a rebellion under Khusrau Mirza, he was tortured and executed in 1606 after refusing to convert to Islam.