Conflicts & Resolutions · War
Mongol invasions of the Levant
The Mongol invasions of the Levant were the attacks on Syria and Palestine by the Mongol Empire and its successor, the Ilkhanate, from the 1240s to the early 14th century. Hülegü's army sacked Aleppo and took Damascus in 1260, but the Mamluks defeated the Mongols at Ain Jalut later that year. Further Ilkhanid invasions were turned back, notably at Homs in 1281 and Marj al-Saffar in 1303, and the Mamluks kept Syria.

Battles and settlements
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- The Epoch Institute. (2026). Mongol invasions of the Levant. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/mongol-invasions-of-the-levant
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- “Mongol invasions of the Levant.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/mongol-invasions-of-the-levant. Accessed .
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- The Epoch Institute. “Mongol invasions of the Levant.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/mongol-invasions-of-the-levant.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Mongol invasions of the Levant’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/mongol-invasions-of-the-levant (Accessed: ).
Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻