Conflicts & Resolutions · Revolt

Permesta

1957–1961 · 20th century · Also known as Universal Struggle Charter

Permesta was a regional rebellion in eastern Indonesia, named after the Universal Struggle Charter proclaimed by army officers in Makassar in March 1957. Based mainly in North Sulawesi, its leaders demanded greater regional autonomy and a fairer share of export revenue, and in 1958 they joined the PRRI rebels of Sumatra. Despite covert American support, the movement was defeated by central government forces, and its last fighters surrendered in 1961.

Permesta
Image: JJUPLOADS22 · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

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IndonesiaMilitary

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Cite this entry
APA
The Epoch Institute. (2026). Permesta. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/permesta
MLA
“Permesta.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/permesta. Accessed .
Chicago
The Epoch Institute. “Permesta.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/permesta.
Harvard
The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Permesta’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/permesta (Accessed: ).

Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻