Conflicts and resolutions of the 20th century
433 battles, sieges, wars, revolts, crises, treaties and peace settlements, in date order.
Battles 92
Battle of KoussériBattle · 1900The Battle of Kousséri was fought on 22 April 1900 near Kousséri, in present-day northern Cameroon, between French forces under Commandant Amédée-François Lamy and the…
Battle of PaardebergBattle · 1900The Battle of Paardeberg was fought from 18 to 27 February 1900 on the Modder River, in the Second Boer War.- Battle of Sanna's PostBattle · 1900The Battle of Sanna's Post was fought on 31 March 1900 at the waterworks east of Bloemfontein, in the Second Boer War.
Battle of BayanBattle · 1902The Battle of Bayan, also called the Battle of Bayang or Pandapatan, was fought on 2 May 1902 near Lake Lanao on Mindanao between United States troops and Maranao…
Battle of TitBattle · 1902The Battle of Tit was fought in May 1902 near the village of Tit in the Ahaggar region of southern Algeria.
Battle of BurmiBattle · 1903The Battle of Burmi was fought in 1903 in north-eastern Nigeria between British colonial forces and followers of the deposed caliph Attahiru I, who had fled after the…- British conquest of KanoBattle · 1903The British conquest of Kano took place in February 1903, when forces of the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria under Frederick Lugard captured the city after a brief…
Battle of WaterbergBattle · 1904The Battle of Waterberg was fought on 11 August 1904 at the Waterberg plateau in German South West Africa, now Namibia, between German troops under Lothar von Trotha…
Battle of TsushimaBattle · 1905The Battle of Tsushima was a naval battle fought in May 1905 in the strait between Korea and Japan, the decisive engagement of the Russo-Japanese War.- Battle of Rawdat MuhannaBattle · 1906The Battle of Rawdat Muhanna was fought in April 1906 in the Qassim region of central Arabia between Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud and Abd al-Aziz ibn Mutib, emir of Jabal…
First Battle of Bud DajoBattle · 1906The First Battle of Bud Dajo, also called the Moro Crater massacre, was an American assault in March 1906 on Tausug Muslims who had taken refuge in the crater of the…- Battle of AbéchéBattle · 1909The Battle of Abéché was the French capture of Abéché, capital of the Wadai Empire, in 1909.
- Battle of DorothéBattle · 1910The Battle of Dorothé was fought on 9 November 1910 in Dar Masalit, on the border of Darfur and Chad, between Masalit forces of Sultan Taj al-Din and a French colonial…
Battle of Bud BagsakBattle · 1913The Battle of Bud Bagsak was fought in June 1913 on the island of Jolo in the southern Philippines between American troops under General John J.- Battle of Dul MadobaBattle · 1913The Battle of Dul Madoba was fought on 9 August 1913 in British Somaliland, when Dervish forces of Mohammed Abdullah Hassan ambushed the newly formed Somaliland Camel…
Battle of Bita PakaBattle · 1914The Battle of Bita Paka was fought on 11 September 1914 on the island of New Britain, then part of German New Guinea.
Battle of CerBattle · 1914The Battle of Cer was fought on 15–24 August 1914 on and around Mount Cer in western Serbia, when the Serbian army under Stepa Stepanović defeated the first…
Battle of KolubaraBattle · 1914The Battle of Kolubara was fought in western Serbia in November and December 1914, when the Serbian army, reorganised under Radomir Putnik and Živojin Mišić…
First Battle of the MarneBattle · 1914The First Battle of the Marne was fought in September 1914, when French and British forces halted the German advance towards Paris.
Battle of CelayaBattle · 1915The Battle of Celaya, in April 1915, was a pair of engagements near Celaya in Guanajuato in which Constitutionalist forces under Álvaro Obregón defeated Pancho Villa's…- Battle of MonguaBattle · 1915The Battle of Mongua was fought on 18–20 August 1915 in southern Angola between a Portuguese army under General António Pereira de Eça and the forces of the Kwanyama…
- Battle of Sam KhubisBattle · 1915The Battle of Sam Khubis was fought on 8 May 1915 in central Namibia between the Rehoboth Basters and German colonial troops.
- Battle of BirinjiyaBattle · 1916The Battle of Birinjiya was fought in 1916 near El Fasher between a British-led Anglo-Egyptian force and the army of Sultan Ali Dinar of Darfur.
Battle of Delville WoodBattle · 1916The Battle of Delville Wood was fought from 15 July to 3 September 1916 as part of the Battle of the Somme in northern France.
Battle of JutlandBattle · 1916The Battle of Jutland, fought on 31 May and 1 June 1916 in the North Sea off Denmark, was the largest naval battle of the First World War, between the British Grand…
Battle of the SommeBattle · 1916The Battle of the Somme was fought from July to November 1916 in northern France during the First World War, between British and French forces and the army of the…
Battle of VerdunBattle · 1916The Battle of Verdun was fought in 1916 in northeastern France during the First World War, between the armies of the German Empire and France.
Christmas BattlesBattle · 1916–1917The Christmas Battles were a Russian offensive against German positions near Riga in late December 1916 and January 1917, in which Latvian Riflemen units broke through…
Battle of CaporettoBattle · 24 October – 19 November 1917The Battle of Caporetto was an Austro-Hungarian and German offensive on the Isonzo front, launched on 24 October 1917 near the town of Caporetto, now Kobarid in Slovenia.
Battle of PasschendaeleBattle · 1917The Battle of Passchendaele, or Third Battle of Ypres, was a British-led offensive on the Western Front in Belgium from July to November 1917.
Battle of Vimy RidgeBattle · 1917The Battle of Vimy Ridge, fought on 9–12 April 1917 in northern France as part of the Battle of Arras, was the first attack in which all four divisions of the Canadian…
Battle of HamelBattle · 1918The Battle of Hamel was fought on 4 July 1918 near Le Hamel on the Somme in France.
Battle of La Lys (1918)Battle · 1918The Battle of La Lys was the opening of the German spring offensive in Flanders known as Operation Georgette, launched on 9 April 1918.
Battle of SardarabadBattle · 1918The Battle of Sardarabad was fought from 21 to 29 May 1918 west of Erivan, when Armenian forces under generals Movses Silikyan and Daniel Bek-Pirumyan stopped an…
Battle of TampereBattle · 1918The Battle of Tampere was the decisive battle of the Finnish Civil War, fought in March and April 1918.
Battle of Vittorio VenetoBattle · 24 October – 4 November 1918The Battle of Vittorio Veneto was the final Italian offensive of the First World War, fought from 24 October to 4 November 1918.- Battle of CēsisBattle · 1919The Battle of Cēsis was fought in June 1919 around the town of Cēsis in northern Latvia.
- Battle of PeregonovkaBattle · 1919The Battle of Peregonovka was fought in September 1919 near the village of Peregonovka (Perehonivka), near Uman in central Ukraine, during the Russian Civil War.
Battle of RadviliškisBattle · 1919The Battle of Radviliškis was fought in November 1919 around the railway town of Radviliškis in northern Lithuania, where Lithuanian forces defeated the West Russian…
Battle of GiedraičiaiBattle · 1920The Battle of Giedraičiai was fought on 19–21 November 1920 around Giedraičiai, north of Vilnius, where Lithuanian forces defeated troops of Lucjan Żeligowski, who had…
Battle of MaysalunBattle · 1920The Battle of Maysalun was fought on 24 July 1920 at the Maysalun pass west of Damascus between French forces under General Mariano Goybet and a small Syrian army led…- Battle of ŠirvintosBattle · 1920The Battle of Širvintos was fought on 17–21 November 1920 near the town of Širvintos, north-west of Vilnius, between Lithuanian forces and the Polish troops of Lucjan…
Battle of Warsaw (1920)Battle · 1920The Battle of Warsaw was fought in August 1920 during the Polish–Soviet War, when Polish forces under Józef Piłsudski counter-attacked the Red Army advancing on the…- Bloody Christmas (1920)Battle · 1920Bloody Christmas was the Italian army and navy attack on Fiume, now Rijeka, from 24 to 29 December 1920, ending Gabriele D'Annunzio's occupation of the city.
Battle of SakaryaBattle · 1921The Battle of Sakarya was fought from 23 August to 13 September 1921 along the Sakarya River west of Ankara, during the Greco-Turkish War.
Battle of DumlupınarBattle · 1922The Battle of Dumlupınar was the decisive battle of the Greco-Turkish War, fought from 26 to 30 August 1922 in western Anatolia.
Alhucemas landingBattle · 1925The Alhucemas landing was an amphibious assault by Spanish forces, supported by France, on the bay of Alhucemas (Al Hoceima) in northern Morocco in September 1925.- Battle of SabillaBattle · 1929The Battle of Sabilla was fought on 29 March 1929 in Najd, central Arabia, between the forces of Ibn Saud and the Ikhwan, the tribal religious warriors who had helped…
Battle of ShanghaiBattle · 1937The Battle of Shanghai was fought from August to November 1937 in and around Shanghai, the first major battle of the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Marco Polo Bridge IncidentBattle · 1937The Marco Polo Bridge Incident was a clash between Chinese and Japanese troops near the Lugou Bridge south-west of Beijing on the night of 7 July 1937.
Battle of SuomussalmiBattle · 1939–1940The Battle of Suomussalmi was fought in the forests of north-eastern Finland from December 1939 to January 1940, during the Winter War.
Battles of Khalkhin GolBattle · 1939The Battles of Khalkhin Gol, known in Japan as the Nomonhan Incident, were fought from May to September 1939 on the Khalkhin Gol river on the border between Mongolia…
Battle of BritainBattle · 1940The Battle of Britain was the air campaign fought over southern England in the summer and autumn of 1940, in which the Royal Air Force defended the United Kingdom…
Attack on Pearl HarborBattle · 1941The attack on Pearl Harbor was the surprise attack by the Empire of Japan's naval air forces on the United States Pacific Fleet in Hawaii on 7 December 1941.
Battle of Cape MatapanBattle · 27–29 March 1941The Battle of Cape Matapan was a naval battle fought on 27–29 March 1941 off the south-western coast of the Peloponnese, Greece, between the British Mediterranean Fleet…
Battle of KerenBattle · 1941The Battle of Keren was fought from February to March 1941 in the mountains around the town of Keren in Eritrea, between Italian forces and British and Indian troops.
Battle of Ko ChangBattle · 1941The Battle of Ko Chang was a naval engagement fought on 17 January 1941 off the island of Ko Chang in the Gulf of Thailand, during the Franco-Thai War.
Battle of SaïoBattle · 1941The Battle of Saïo was fought in south-western Ethiopia in June and July 1941, during the East African campaign of the Second World War.
Battle of ZarumillaBattle · 1941The Battle of Zarumilla was fought in July 1941 near the Zarumilla River on the border between Ecuador and Peru.
Battle of BataanBattle · 1942The Battle of Bataan was fought from January to April 1942 on the Bataan Peninsula of Luzon, where American and Filipino forces under Douglas MacArthur withdrew after…
Battle of Bir HakeimBattle · 1942The Battle of Bir Hakeim was fought in the Libyan desert from 26 May to 11 June 1942, as part of the Battle of Gazala.- Battle of Corregidor (1942)Battle · 1942The Battle of Corregidor was the last stand of American and Filipino forces in the Philippines in 1942, on the fortified island at the mouth of Manila Bay.
Battle of MadagascarBattle · 1942The Battle of Madagascar was the Allied campaign of 1942 to take Vichy French Madagascar and deny its harbours to Japan.
Battle of MidwayBattle · 1942The Battle of Midway was a naval and air battle fought in June 1942 near Midway Atoll in the central Pacific during the Second World War.- Battle of StalingradBattle · 1942–1943The Battle of Stalingrad was fought from August 1942 to February 1943 for the city of Stalingrad, now Volgograd, on the Volga.
Battle of the Java SeaBattle · 1942The Battle of the Java Sea was a naval battle fought on 27 February 1942 during the Second World War, in which a Japanese fleet defeated an Allied squadron of Dutch…
Fall of SingaporeBattle · 1942The fall of Singapore was the surrender of the British garrison to Japanese forces in February 1942, after a rapid campaign through Malaya.
Second Battle of El AlameinBattle · 1942The Second Battle of El Alamein was fought in Egypt in 1942 between British Commonwealth forces under Bernard Montgomery and the German-Italian army under Erwin Rommel.
Battle of KurskBattle · 1943The Battle of Kursk was fought on the Eastern Front in July and August 1943, when Germany attacked the Soviet salient around Kursk in Operation Citadel.
Battle of LerosBattle · 1943The Battle of Leros was fought in November 1943 on the Aegean island of Leros, which British and Italian troops had held since Italy's armistice in September.
Battle of TarawaBattle · 1943The Battle of Tarawa was fought from 20 to 23 November 1943 on Betio, an islet of Tarawa atoll in the Gilbert Islands, when United States Marines stormed a strongly…
Battle of ImphalBattle · 1944The Battle of Imphal was fought from March to July 1944 around the town of Imphal in north-eastern India, when the Japanese Fifteenth Army attempted to invade India…
Battle of KohimaBattle · 1944The Battle of Kohima was fought from April to June 1944 at Kohima in the Naga Hills of north-eastern India, as part of the Japanese offensive against India.
Battle of LeyteBattle · 1944–1945The Battle of Leyte began with the American landing on the island of Leyte in the central Philippines on 20 October 1944, when Douglas MacArthur returned accompanied by…
Battle of Tali-IhantalaBattle · 1944The Battle of Tali-Ihantala, fought from 25 June to 9 July 1944 north-east of Viipuri, was the largest battle ever fought in the Nordic countries.
Battle of Tannenberg LineBattle · 1944The Battle of Tannenberg Line was fought in July and August 1944 at the Sinimäed hills near Narva in north-eastern Estonia.
Battle of the BulgeBattle · 1944–1945The Battle of the Bulge was the last major German offensive on the Western Front in the Second World War, launched on 16 December 1944 through the Ardennes in Belgium…- Liberation of ParisBattle · 1944The Liberation of Paris was the freeing of the French capital from German occupation in August 1944.
Normandy landingsBattle · 1944The Normandy landings of 6 June 1944, known as D-Day, were the Allied amphibious and airborne invasion of German-occupied France that opened Operation Overlord.
Battle of Iwo JimaBattle · 1945The Battle of Iwo Jima was fought from 19 February to 26 March 1945, when United States Marines captured the volcanic island of Iwo Jima from Japan in the Pacific War.
Battle of OkinawaBattle · 1945The Battle of Okinawa was fought from April to June 1945 between American and Japanese forces on Okinawa, the largest battle of the Pacific War on Japanese territory.
Battle of SurabayaBattle · 1945The Battle of Surabaya was fought in October and November 1945 in the East Javanese port of Surabaya between Indonesian nationalist fighters and British and British…
Battle of GuningtouBattle · 1949The Battle of Guningtou was fought on Kinmen island, off the Fujian coast, from 25 to 27 October 1949.
Battle of ChamdoBattle · 1950The Battle of Chamdo was fought in October 1950 in eastern Tibet, when the People's Liberation Army crossed the Jinsha River and defeated the Tibetan army around the…
Battle of Route Coloniale 4Battle · 1950The Battle of Route Coloniale 4 was a series of engagements in September and October 1950 along the road linking French frontier posts near the Chinese border in…
Battle of Dien Bien PhuBattle · 1954The Battle of Dien Bien Phu was fought in 1954 in northern Vietnam between the French army and the Viet Minh under General Vo Nguyen Giap.- Battle of AlgiersBattle · 1956–1957The Battle of Algiers was the campaign of 1956–1957 in which the FLN waged a bombing and assassination offensive in Algiers and French paratroopers under General…
Bay of Pigs invasionBattle · 1961The Bay of Pigs invasion was a failed landing in southern Cuba on 17–20 April 1961 by about 1,400 Cuban exiles trained and funded by the CIA, aiming to overthrow Fidel…- Battle of Cuito CuanavaleBattle · 1987–1988The Battle of Cuito Cuanavale was a series of engagements in south-eastern Angola between August 1987 and March 1988, in which Angolan government forces backed by Cuba…
Battle of AfabetBattle · 1988The Battle of Afabet was fought in March 1988 around the town of Afabet in northern Eritrea, where the Eritrean People's Liberation Front overran the headquarters of…
Johnson South Reef skirmishBattle · 1988The Johnson South Reef skirmish was a naval clash on 14 March 1988 in the Spratly Islands of the South China Sea between Chinese and Vietnamese forces.
Battle of Mogadishu (1993)Battle · 1993The Battle of Mogadishu was fought on 3–4 October 1993 in the Somali capital, when US special forces trying to capture lieutenants of the warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid…
Wars & campaigns 121
- French conquest of BornuCampaign · 1900The French conquest of Bornu in 1900 followed the defeat and death of the warlord Rabih az-Zubayr, who had seized Bornu in 1893.
- Somaliland campaign (1900–1920)War · 1900–1920The Somaliland campaign was the series of British expeditions from 1900 to 1920 against the Dervish movement of Mohammed Abdullah Hassan in the Horn of Africa.
War of the Golden StoolRevolt · War · 1900The War of the Golden Stool was an Ashanti uprising against British rule in 1900, also known as the Yaa Asantewaa War.
Anglo-Aro WarWar · 1901–1902The Anglo-Aro War was a British military campaign of 1901–1902 against the Aro Confederacy in south-eastern Nigeria.
Herero WarsWar · 1904–1908The Herero Wars were the colonial wars in German South West Africa, now Namibia, in which the Herero and then the Nama rose against German rule in 1904.
Russo-Japanese WarWar · 1905The Russo-Japanese War was a conflict between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over influence in Manchuria and Korea, concluded by the Treaty of Portsmouth in…
Wadai WarWar · 1909–1911The Wadai War was the French conquest of the Sultanate of Wadai in present-day eastern Chad.
Mexican RevolutionRevolution · War · 1910–1920The Mexican Revolution was the series of revolts and civil wars that began in November 1910 with Francisco Madero's call to rise against Porfirio Díaz.
Italo-Turkish WarWar · 1911–1912The Italo-Turkish War of 1911–1912 was fought between Italy and the Ottoman Empire.
Balkan WarsWar · 1912–1913The Balkan Wars were two wars fought in 1912–1913 in south-eastern Europe.
First Balkan WarWar · 1912–1913The First Balkan War was fought from October 1912 to May 1913 by the Balkan League of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro against the Ottoman Empire.
Second Balkan WarWar · 1913The Second Balkan War was fought from June to August 1913 after Bulgaria, dissatisfied with the division of Ottoman lands won in the First Balkan War, attacked Serbia…
Caucasus campaignCampaign · 1914–1918The Caucasus campaign was the First World War theatre in which the Ottoman Empire fought Russia, and later Armenia, Azerbaijan and other states, in the Caucasus and…
Western Front (World War I)Campaign · 1914–1918The Western Front was the main theatre of the First World War in western Europe, a line of trenches running about 700 kilometres from the Belgian coast to the Swiss…
Gallipoli campaignCampaign · 1915–1916The Gallipoli campaign was an Allied attempt in the First World War to force the Dardanelles and knock the Ottoman Empire out of the war.
Macedonian frontCampaign · 1915–1918The Macedonian front, also called the Salonika front, was a theatre of the First World War in northern Greece and southern Serbia.
Volta-Bani WarWar · Revolt · 1915–1916The Volta-Bani War was an armed revolt against French colonial rule in 1915–1916 in the region between the Volta and Bani rivers, in present-day western Burkina Faso…
Brusilov OffensiveCampaign · 1916The Brusilov Offensive was a major Russian attack on the Eastern Front from June to September 1916 during the First World War, led by General Alexei Brusilov along a…
Russian Civil WarWar · 1917–1922The Russian Civil War was fought from 1917 to 1922 between the Bolshevik Red Army and a range of opponents, chiefly the White movement, with nationalist forces and…
Estonian War of IndependenceWar · 1918–1920The Estonian War of Independence was fought by the new Republic of Estonia against Soviet Russia and then the Baltic German Landeswehr.
Finnish Civil WarWar · 1918The Finnish Civil War was fought from January to May 1918, shortly after Finland's independence, between the socialist Reds, strongest in the industrial south, and the…
Franco-Turkish WarWar · 1918–1921The Franco-Turkish War (1918–1921), also called the Cilicia campaign, was fought between France, which occupied Cilicia after the First World War, and the Turkish…
Latvian War of IndependenceWar · 1918–1920The Latvian War of Independence was fought by the Republic of Latvia against the Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic, German Freikorps and the West Russian Volunteer Army…
Lithuanian Wars of IndependenceWar · 1918–1920The Lithuanian Wars of Independence were the three wars that newly independent Lithuania fought after the First World War: against Soviet Russia, against the West…
Lithuanian–Soviet WarWar · 1918–1919The Lithuanian–Soviet War was fought between newly independent Lithuania and Soviet Russia from December 1918, when the Red Army advanced westwards after the German…
Operation FaustschlagCampaign · 1918Operation Faustschlag was the German and Austro-Hungarian offensive on the Eastern Front in February and March 1918, launched after Bolshevik Russia broke off peace…
Polish–Ukrainian WarWar · 1918–1919The Polish–Ukrainian War was fought from November 1918 to July 1919 over Eastern Galicia, after the collapse of Austria-Hungary.
Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)War · 1919–1922The Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922 was fought between Greece and the Turkish nationalist movement after the First World War.
Irish War of IndependenceWar · 1919–1921The Irish War of Independence was a guerrilla war fought by the Irish Republican Army against British forces in Ireland.
Polish–Czechoslovak WarWar · 1919The Polish–Czechoslovak War, also called the Seven-Day War, was a brief conflict in late January 1919 over Cieszyn Silesia.
Polish–Soviet WarWar · 1919–1921The Polish–Soviet War was fought from 1919 to 1921 between the Second Polish Republic and Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine over the lands between them.
Third Anglo-Afghan WarWar · 1919The Third Anglo-Afghan War was a brief conflict in May 1919, when Emir Amanullah Khan of Afghanistan sent troops across the frontier of British India.
Turkish War of IndependenceWar · 1919–1923The Turkish War of Independence was fought by the Turkish nationalist movement under Mustafa Kemal against the Allied partition of the Ottoman Empire.
Franco-Syrian WarWar · 1920The Franco-Syrian War was a short conflict in 1920 between France and the Arab Kingdom of Syria proclaimed under Faisal I.
Polish–Lithuanian WarWar · 1920The Polish–Lithuanian War was an undeclared conflict of 1920 between Poland and Lithuania over the Vilnius region.
Turkish–Armenian WarWar · 1920The Turkish–Armenian War was fought from September to December 1920 between the Turkish nationalist forces of the Grand National Assembly and the First Republic of…
Coto WarWar · 1921The Coto War was a brief border conflict between Panama and Costa Rica in February and March 1921 over the Coto region on the Pacific side of their disputed frontier.
Rif WarWar · 1921–1926The Rif War was fought from 1921 to 1926 between Spain, joined by France in 1925, and the Berber tribes of the Rif mountains in northern Morocco, led by Abd el-Krim…
Cristero WarWar · Revolt · 1926–1929The Cristero War (1926–1929) was an armed uprising in central and western Mexico against the anticlerical laws of President Plutarco Elías Calles.
Northern ExpeditionCampaign · 1926–1928The Northern Expedition was the military campaign of the Kuomintang's National Revolutionary Army, led by Chiang Kai-shek, to defeat the northern warlords and reunify…
Chinese Civil WarWar · 1927–1949The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Nationalist government of the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party, in two phases from 1927 to 1937 and from 1945 to…
Chaco WarWar · 1932–1935The Chaco War was fought between Bolivia and Paraguay from 1932 to 1935 over the northern Gran Chaco, a region believed to hold oil.
Colombia–Peru WarWar · 1932–1933The Colombia–Peru War was fought between September 1932 and May 1933 after Peruvian civilians and soldiers seized the Amazon river port of Leticia, which Peru had ceded…
Soviet–Japanese border conflictsWar · 1932–1939The Soviet–Japanese border conflicts were a series of clashes between the Soviet Union and Mongolia on one side and Japan and Manchukuo on the other along the…
Long MarchCampaign · 1934–1935The Long March was the retreat of the Chinese Communist Red Army from its bases in southern China in 1934–35, after Chiang Kai-shek's fifth encirclement campaign.- Saudi–Yemeni WarWar · 1934The Saudi–Yemeni War was fought in the spring of 1934 between Saudi Arabia and the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen over the border regions of Asir, Najran and Jizan.
Second Italo-Ethiopian WarWar · 1935–1936The Second Italo-Ethiopian War was Fascist Italy's invasion and conquest of Ethiopia in 1935–1936.
Spanish Civil WarWar · 1936–1939The Spanish Civil War was fought between the Second Spanish Republic and the Nationalist rebels led by Francisco Franco, who rose in July 1936.
Second Sino-Japanese WarWar · 1937–1945The Second Sino-Japanese War was fought between China and Japan from 1937 to 1945.
Battle of the AtlanticCampaign · 1939–1945The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest continuous campaign of the Second World War, fought between Allied navies and air forces and German U-boats and surface…
Winter WarWar · 1939–1940The Winter War was fought between the Soviet Union and Finland from November 1939 to March 1940, after Finland refused Soviet demands for territory.- Battle of FranceCampaign · 1940The Battle of France was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries in May and June 1940.
The BlitzCampaign · 1940–1941The Blitz was the German bombing campaign against British cities from September 1940 to May 1941.- East African campaign (World War II)Campaign · 1940–1941The East African campaign was a Second World War campaign fought in 1940–1941 between British and Commonwealth forces, with Ethiopian resistance fighters, and the…
Franco-Thai WarWar · 1940–1941The Franco-Thai War was fought between Thailand and Vichy French Indochina from late 1940 to early 1941 over territories that Siam had ceded to France decades earlier.
Anglo-Iraqi WarWar · 1941The Anglo-Iraqi War was a British campaign in May 1941 against the government of Rashid Ali al-Gaylani, which had seized power in Iraq in a pro-Axis coup in April.
Anglo-Soviet invasion of IranCampaign · 1941The Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran took place in August and September 1941, when British and Soviet forces occupied the country to secure its oilfields and a supply…
Continuation WarWar · 1941–1944The Continuation War was the conflict between Finland and the Soviet Union from June 1941 to September 1944, fought alongside Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union.
Ecuadorian–Peruvian WarWar · 1941The Ecuadorian–Peruvian War was a border war fought in July 1941 between Ecuador and Peru over disputed Amazonian and coastal territory.
Japanese invasion of the Dutch East IndiesCampaign · 1941–1942The Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies was a campaign of 1941–1942 in which Japanese forces conquered the Dutch colonial territories in present-day Indonesia…- Liberation of Ethiopia (1941)Campaign · 1941The liberation of Ethiopia in 1941 was the defeat of Italian occupation forces by British and Commonwealth troops working with Ethiopian patriots during the Second…
Operation BarbarossaCampaign · 1941Operation Barbarossa was the German invasion of the Soviet Union, launched on 22 June 1941 by some three million German troops with Romanian, Finnish and other allied…
Guadalcanal campaignCampaign · 1942–1943The Guadalcanal campaign was a prolonged Allied offensive in the Solomon Islands from 1942 to 1943 during the Second World War.
Kokoda Track campaignCampaign · 1942The Kokoda Track campaign was fought between July and November 1942 in the Owen Stanley Range of Papua, then an Australian territory.
Operation TorchCampaign · 1942Operation Torch was the Allied invasion of French North Africa in November 1942, with landings around Casablanca, Oran and Algiers.
Allied invasion of SicilyCampaign · 1943The Allied invasion of Sicily was the Second World War campaign in 1943 in which British, American and Canadian forces landed on and captured Sicily.
Dodecanese campaignCampaign · 1943The Dodecanese campaign was a British attempt in late 1943 to seize the Italian-held Dodecanese islands in the Aegean after Italy's armistice with the Allies.
Operation GomorrahCampaign · 1943Operation Gomorrah was a series of British and American air raids on Hamburg in late July and early August 1943.
Courland PocketCampaign · 1944–1945The Courland Pocket was the area of western Latvia where German Army Group North, later renamed Army Group Courland, was cut off by the Red Army from October 1944.
Lapland WarWar · 1944–1945The Lapland War was fought between Finland and Germany in northern Finland from September 1944 to April 1945.
Operation BagrationCampaign · 1944Operation Bagration was the Soviet summer offensive of 1944 in Belarus, launched on 22–23 June.
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and NagasakiCampaign · 1945The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the attacks by the United States on two Japanese cities in August 1945, the only uses of nuclear weapons in war.
First Indochina WarWar · 1946–1954The First Indochina War was fought between France and the Viet Minh, led by Ho Chi Minh, after France tried to restore its rule over Indochina following the Second…
Greek Civil WarWar · 1946–1949The Greek Civil War was fought from 1946 to 1949 between the government army, supported by Britain and then the United States, and the communist-led Democratic Army of…
Indonesian National RevolutionRevolution · War · 1947–1949The Indonesian National Revolution was the armed and diplomatic struggle for independence from Dutch rule, fought from 1947 to 1949 in its main phase.
Huaihai campaignCampaign · 1948–1949The Huaihai campaign was one of the three decisive campaigns of the Chinese Civil War, fought from November 1948 to January 1949 in the region around Xuzhou between the…
La ViolenciaWar · 1948–1958La Violencia was a civil conflict in Colombia between supporters of the Liberal and Conservative parties, usually dated from 1948 to 1958.
Liaoshen campaignCampaign · 1948The Liaoshen campaign was the first of the three great campaigns of the Chinese Civil War, fought in Manchuria from September to November 1948.
Malayan EmergencyWar · 1948–1960The Malayan Emergency was a guerrilla war fought from 1948 to 1960 between the forces of the Federation of Malaya and the British Commonwealth and the armed wing of the…
Operation PoloCampaign · 1948Operation Polo was the Indian military operation of 13-18 September 1948 that ended the independence of Hyderabad State, whose Nizam had refused to join India.
Pingjin campaignCampaign · 1948–1949The Pingjin campaign was the last of the three great campaigns of the Chinese Civil War, fought around Beiping (Beijing) and Tianjin from November 1948 to January 1949.
Korean WarWar · 1950–1953The Korean War began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea.
Jebel Akhdar WarWar · 1954–1959The Jebel Akhdar War was a conflict in Oman between the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman and the Ibadi Imamate of Oman in the interior, led by Imam Ghalib ibn Ali.
Vietnam WarWar · 1955–1975The Vietnam War was fought from the mid-1950s to 1975 between communist North Vietnam and the Viet Cong on one side and South Vietnam and the United States on the…
Suez CrisisCrisis · War · 1956The Suez Crisis was the international crisis of 1956 in which Britain, France and Israel invaded Egypt after Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalised the Suez Canal.
Ifni WarWar · 1957–1958The Ifni War was a conflict of 1957-1958 in which Moroccan irregulars of the Army of Liberation attacked Spanish West Africa, including Ifni and Spanish Sahara.- Angolan War of IndependenceWar · 1961–1974The Angolan War of Independence was fought from 1961 to 1974 between Portugal and the Angolan nationalist movements, the MPLA, the FNLA and UNITA.
Eritrean War of IndependenceWar · 1961–1991The Eritrean War of Independence was a thirty-year struggle by Eritrean nationalist fronts against Ethiopia, which had annexed Eritrea in 1962.
Operation TrikoraCampaign · 1961–1962Operation Trikora was the Indonesian campaign of 1961–1962 to take western New Guinea from the Netherlands, named after the 'People's Triple Command' that Sukarno…
Algerian WarWar · ended 1962The Algerian War was the war of independence fought by Algerian nationalists, led by the National Liberation Front, against French rule from 1954 until it ended in 1962.
Sino-Indian WarWar · 1962The Sino-Indian War was a border war fought between China and India in October and November 1962 over disputed Himalayan territory in Aksai Chin and the North-East…
Rhodesian Bush WarWar · 1964–1979The Rhodesian Bush War was the guerrilla war fought by the ZANU and ZAPU nationalist movements against the white minority government of Rhodesia.
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965War · 1965The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 was fought between India and Pakistan from August to September 1965.
South African Border WarWar · 1966–1990The South African Border War was fought from 1966 to 1990 in Namibia and southern Angola between South Africa and the Namibian liberation movement SWAPO, with Angolan…- Six-Day WarWar · 1967The Six-Day War was the war of 5-10 June 1967 in which Israel, striking first after weeks of crisis, defeated Egypt, Jordan and Syria and captured the Sinai Peninsula…
The TroublesWar · 1968–1998The Troubles were the conflict in Northern Ireland from the late 1960s to 1998 between mainly Catholic nationalists and republicans seeking a united Ireland and mainly…
Football WarWar · 1969The Football War was a brief war between El Salvador and Honduras in July 1969, also called the Hundred Hours' War.
Black SeptemberWar · 1970–1971Black September was the armed conflict of September 1970 in which the Jordanian army of King Hussein fought the Palestinian guerrilla groups of the Palestine Liberation…
Bangladesh Liberation WarWar · 1971The Bangladesh Liberation War was the conflict of 1971 in which East Pakistan won independence as Bangladesh.- Yom Kippur WarWar · 1973The Yom Kippur War was the surprise offensive of October 1973 in which Egypt and Syria sought to recover the lands lost in 1967, crossing the Suez Canal and storming…
Lebanese Civil WarWar · 1975–1990The Lebanese Civil War was fought from 1975 to 1990 among Lebanon's sectarian militias, Palestinian groups and outside powers.
Ogaden WarWar · 1977–1978The Ogaden War was fought between Somalia and Ethiopia in 1977–1978 over the Ogaden, the Somali-inhabited region of eastern Ethiopia.
Cambodian–Vietnamese WarWar · 1978–1989The Cambodian–Vietnamese War was fought between Vietnam and the Khmer Rouge regime of Democratic Kampuchea, which had launched border raids.
Third Indochina WarWar · 1978–1991The Third Indochina War is the name given to the conflicts that followed the Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia in December 1978.
Uganda–Tanzania WarWar · 1978–1979The Uganda–Tanzania War was fought from October 1978 to June 1979 after Idi Amin's forces invaded the Kagera Salient of north-western Tanzania.
Salvadoran Civil WarWar · 1979–1992The Salvadoran Civil War was fought from 1979 to 1992 between the military-led government of El Salvador, backed by the United States, and the Farabundo Martí National…
Sino-Vietnamese WarWar · 1979The Sino-Vietnamese War was a brief war fought in February and March 1979, when China invaded northern Vietnam in response to Vietnam's invasion of Cambodia and its…- Iran–Iraq WarWar · 1980–1988The Iran–Iraq War was fought from September 1980 to August 1988 after Saddam Hussein's Iraq invaded Iran, seeking control of the Shatt al-Arab and hoping to exploit the…
Paquisha WarWar · 1981The Paquisha War was a brief armed conflict between Ecuador and Peru in January and February 1981 in the Cordillera del Cóndor, in a border area left undemarcated by…
Ugandan Bush WarWar · 1981–1986The Ugandan Bush War was the guerrilla war waged by Yoweri Museveni's National Resistance Army against the second government of Milton Obote and then the military…- Falklands WarWar · 1982The Falklands War was a ten-week conflict in 1982 between Argentina and the United Kingdom over the Falkland Islands and South Georgia.
Anfal campaignCampaign · 1986–1989The Anfal campaign was a genocidal operation by the Iraqi government of Saddam Hussein against the Kurds of northern Iraq, at its height in 1988 during the last phase…
First Nagorno-Karabakh WarWar · 1988–1994The First Nagorno-Karabakh War was fought between Azerbaijan and Armenian forces over Nagorno-Karabakh, an Armenian-majority region of Soviet Azerbaijan, as the Soviet…
United States invasion of PanamaCampaign · 1989–1990The United States invasion of Panama, code-named Operation Just Cause, began on 20 December 1989, when about 26,000 American troops attacked to overthrow Manuel Noriega.
Gulf WarWar · 1990–1991The Gulf War was the conflict that followed Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait in August 1990.
Somali Civil WarWar · 1991–presentThe Somali Civil War is the armed conflict in Somalia that grew out of resistance to the military regime of Siad Barre in the 1980s and became general after his…
Bosnian WarWar · 1992–1995The Bosnian War was fought from 1992 to 1995 in Bosnia and Herzegovina after its declaration of independence from Yugoslavia, among Bosniak, Bosnian Serb and Bosnian…
Burundian Civil WarWar · 1993–2005The Burundian Civil War was fought from 1993 to 2005 between the Tutsi-dominated army and Hutu rebel groups.
Cenepa WarWar · 1995The Cenepa War was a short conflict between Ecuador and Peru fought in January and February 1995 over outposts in the upper Cenepa valley, in an undemarcated stretch of…
Nepalese Civil WarWar · 1996–2006The Nepalese Civil War was an armed conflict from 1996 to 2006 between the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), led by Pushpa Kamal Dahal (Prachanda), and the Nepali…- Kargil WarWar · 1999The Kargil War was an armed conflict between India and Pakistan from May to July 1999 in the Kargil district, then part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
Revolts & revolutions 73
Ilinden–Preobrazhenie UprisingRevolt · 1903The Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising was a revolt against Ottoman rule organised by the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organisation in August 1903.
May Coup (Serbia)Revolution · 1903The May Coup was the assassination of King Alexander Obrenović of Serbia and his wife Draga by army officers in Belgrade in June 1903 (May by the Julian calendar).
Persian Constitutional RevolutionRevolution · 1905–1911The Persian Constitutional Revolution (1905–1911) was a movement of merchants, clergy and reformers that forced the Qajar ruler Mozaffar ad-Din Shah to grant a…
Russian Revolution of 1905Revolution · 1905The Russian Revolution of 1905 was a wave of strikes, peasant uprisings, mutinies and political protest across the Russian Empire, sparked by the Bloody Sunday massacre…
Theriso revoltRevolt · 1905The Theriso revolt was an uprising in the Cretan State in 1905, led by Eleftherios Venizelos from the village of Theriso near Chania.
Bambatha RebellionRevolt · 1906The Bambatha Rebellion was a Zulu uprising against British rule and taxation in the Colony of Natal in 1906, sparked by a new poll tax.- Satiru uprisingRevolt · 1906The Satiru uprising was a Mahdist rising in 1906 at the village of Satiru near Sokoto, in the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria.
- Nyangire revoltRevolt · 1907The Nyangire revolt was a protest movement in Bunyoro in 1907 against the Ganda chiefs that the British had appointed over Nyoro districts.
- Bhumkal rebellionRevolt · 1910The Bhumkal rebellion was an uprising of Adivasi communities in the princely state of Bastar, central India, in 1910.
Wuchang UprisingRevolt · 1911The Wuchang Uprising was an army mutiny in the city of Wuchang, now part of Wuhan, on 10 October 1911.
Xinhai RevolutionRevolution · 1911The Xinhai Revolution was the revolution of 1911 that overthrew the Qing Empire and ended imperial rule in China.- Second RevolutionRevolt · 1913The Second Revolution was a revolt in the summer of 1913 by Kuomintang leaders and southern provincial governors against Yuan Shikai, president of the Republic of…
Maritz RebellionRevolt · 1914–1915The Maritz Rebellion was a rising of Afrikaners in 1914–1915 against the Union government's decision to invade German South West Africa on Britain's side in the First…- Easter RisingRevolt · 1916The Easter Rising was an armed insurrection in Dublin in April 1916, launched by Irish republicans of the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizen Army to end British rule.
February RevolutionRevolution · 1917The February Revolution of 1917 was the uprising in Petrograd that forced the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II.
October RevolutionRevolution · 1917The October Revolution was the seizure of power in Petrograd by the Bolshevik Party under Vladimir Lenin on 25 October 1917 by the old Russian calendar, 7 November by…- Russian RevolutionRevolution · 1917The Russian Revolution of 1917 brought down the Russian monarchy and led to the first communist state.
Aster RevolutionRevolution · 1918The Aster Revolution was the uprising in Budapest of 28-31 October 1918, as Austria-Hungary collapsed at the end of the First World War.
German Revolution of 1918–1919Revolution · 1918The German Revolution of 1918–1919 began with sailors' mutinies in late 1918 and spread across Germany.
Kiel mutinyRevolt · 1918The Kiel mutiny was a revolt by sailors of the German High Seas Fleet in 1918, sparked by orders for a final naval sortie against the British at the end of the First…
Christmas UprisingRevolt · January 1919The Christmas Uprising was a revolt in Montenegro in early January 1919, around Orthodox Christmas, by supporters of independence and of the deposed King Nicholas I…
March First MovementRevolt · 1919The March First Movement was a nationwide Korean protest against Japanese colonial rule that began on 1 March 1919 with the reading of a Declaration of Independence in…
Spartacist uprisingRevolt · 1919The Spartacist uprising was a general strike and armed rising in Berlin from 5 to 12 January 1919, led by the newly founded Communist Party of Germany and other…
Kapp PutschRevolt · 1920The Kapp Putsch was an attempted coup against the Weimar Republic in March 1920, led by Wolfgang Kapp and General Walther von Lüttwitz with Freikorps troops due to be…
Plan of Agua PrietaRevolt · 1920The Plan of Agua Prieta was the revolt proclaimed in April 1920 at Agua Prieta, Sonora, by supporters of Álvaro Obregón against President Venustiano Carranza.
Tambov RebellionRevolt · 1920–1921The Tambov Rebellion was a peasant uprising against Bolshevik rule in Tambov province, south-east of Moscow, in 1920–1921.
Kronstadt rebellionRevolt · 1921The Kronstadt rebellion was a revolt in March 1921 by sailors, soldiers and workers of the naval fortress of Kronstadt near Petrograd against the Bolshevik government.
Rand RevoltRevolt · 1922The Rand Revolt was an armed uprising of white mineworkers on the Witwatersrand in 1922, sparked by mine owners' plans to cut costs by employing more black workers in…
Beer Hall PutschRevolt · 1923The Beer Hall Putsch was a failed coup attempt by Adolf Hitler, the Nazi Party and General Erich Ludendorff in Munich on 8 and 9 November 1923.
Klaipėda RevoltRevolt · 1923The Klaipėda Revolt took place in January 1923, when Lithuanian irregulars, organised secretly by the Lithuanian government and presented as a local uprising, seized…
June RevolutionRevolution · 1924The June Revolution was an uprising in Albania in June 1924 that drove Ahmet Zogu from power and brought the Orthodox bishop and reformer Fan Noli to the head of the…
Great Syrian RevoltRevolt · 1925–1927The Great Syrian Revolt was a rising against French Mandate rule in Syria and Lebanon from 1925 to 1927.- Julian RevolutionRevolution · 1925The Julian Revolution was a coup carried out on 9 July 1925 by young officers of the Ecuadorian army who overthrew the government.
May Coup (Poland)Revolution · 1926The May Coup was the seizure of power in Poland by Marshal Józef Piłsudski from 12 to 14 May 1926.
Ikhwan revoltRevolt · 1927–1930The Ikhwan revolt was an uprising of the Ikhwan, the Wahhabi tribal militia that had helped Ibn Saud conquer Arabia, against his authority.- Aba Women's WarRevolt · 1929The Aba Women's War was a revolt by thousands of Igbo and Ibibio women in south-eastern Nigeria in November and December 1929.
Nghệ-Tĩnh SovietsRevolt · 1930–1931The Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviets were a peasant uprising in the provinces of Nghệ An and Hà Tĩnh in central Vietnam in 1930–1931, organised with the help of the new Indochinese…- Tilari massacreRevolt · 1930The Tilari massacre took place on 30 May 1930 at Tilari, in the Rawain area of Tehri Garhwal State in the Himalaya, when the state's troops fired on villagers gathered…
Wushe IncidentRevolt · 1930The Wushe Incident (Musha Incident) was an uprising of Seediq people against Japanese colonial rule at Wushe (Musha) in central Taiwan in October 1930.
Yên Bái mutinyRevolt · 1930The Yên Bái mutiny was an uprising on the night of 9–10 February 1930 in which Vietnamese colonial soldiers at the garrison of Yên Bái in northern Vietnam, organised by…
Kumul RebellionRevolt · 1931–1934The Kumul Rebellion was an uprising of Uyghurs and other Muslims in Xinjiang that began at Hami, or Kumul, in 1931 after the provincial governor Jin Shuren abolished…
Constitutionalist RevolutionRevolt · 1932The Constitutionalist Revolution was an armed uprising of the state of São Paulo against the provisional government of Getúlio Vargas, fought from July to October 1932.
La MatanzaRevolt · 1932La Matanza, 'the massacre', was the killing of thousands of peasants, most of them indigenous Pipil, by the Salvadoran army and militias after an uprising in the…
Mäntsälä rebellionRevolt · 1932The Mäntsälä rebellion was a failed uprising by members of the Lapua Movement in February and March 1932, which began when armed activists broke up a Social Democratic…
August RevolutionRevolution · 1945The August Revolution was the seizure of power across Vietnam by the Viet Minh in August 1945, after Japan's surrender at the end of the Second World War.
Sétif and Guelma massacreRevolt · 1945The Sétif and Guelma massacre followed demonstrations on 8 May 1945, VE Day, in the town of Sétif in French Algeria, where nationalist marchers clashed with police and…- East Sumatra revolutionRevolution · 1946The East Sumatra revolution was an uprising in March 1946 in which armed youth groups and leftist militias attacked the Malay and Simalungun aristocracies of eastern…
Madiun AffairRevolt · 1948The Madiun Affair was a communist uprising in September 1948 centred on the town of Madiun in East Java, during Indonesia's war of independence against the Netherlands.
Bolivian National RevolutionRevolution · 1952The Bolivian National Revolution began in April 1952, when the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR) of Víctor Paz Estenssoro, backed by armed miners and workers…
Mau Mau rebellionRevolt · 1952–1960The Mau Mau rebellion was an armed uprising in colonial Kenya, mainly among the Kikuyu, against British rule and European settlement on African land.
Attack on the Moncada BarracksRevolt · 1953The attack on the Moncada Barracks was an assault on an army post in Santiago de Cuba on 26 July 1953 by about 160 rebels led by Fidel Castro.
Cuban RevolutionRevolution · 1953–1959The Cuban Revolution was the armed rising led by Fidel Castro and his 26th of July Movement against the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista.
PermestaRevolt · 1957–1961Permesta was a regional rebellion in eastern Indonesia, named after the Universal Struggle Charter proclaimed by army officers in Makassar in March 1957.
PRRI rebellionRevolt · 1958–1961The PRRI rebellion was a regional revolt against the central government of Indonesia, launched when dissident army officers and politicians proclaimed the Revolutionary…
Rwandan RevolutionRevolution · 1959–1961The Rwandan Revolution, or Hutu Revolution, was a period of violence and political change in Rwanda from 1959 to 1961 that ended the Tutsi-led monarchy.- Generals' PutschRevolt · 1961The Generals' Putsch was a failed coup in Algiers in April 1961 by four retired French generals, Maurice Challe, Edmond Jouhaud, André Zeller and Raoul Salan, who…
Aden EmergencyRevolt · 1963–1967The Aden Emergency was an insurgency against British rule in Aden and the Federation of South Arabia, lasting from 1963 to 1967.
Zanzibar RevolutionRevolution · 1964The Zanzibar Revolution of 12 January 1964 overthrew the sultan and the government led by the Zanzibar Nationalist Party a month after independence.- Samlaut uprisingRevolt · 1967The Samlaut uprising was a peasant revolt that broke out in 1967 around Samlaut in Battambang province, Cambodia, provoked by forced government rice purchases and land…
- Black Power RevolutionRevolution · 1970The Black Power Revolution was a wave of protests in Trinidad and Tobago in February–April 1970, led by students and the National Joint Action Committee, demanding…
Koza riotRevolt · 1970The Koza riot was an outbreak of violence in the city of Koza, now Okinawa City, on the night of 20 December 1970, during the American administration of Okinawa.
Carnation RevolutionRevolution · 1974The Carnation Revolution was a largely bloodless military coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974 that overthrew the Estado Novo dictatorship in Portugal.
Soweto uprisingRevolt · 1976The Soweto uprising began on 16 June 1976, when thousands of Black schoolchildren in Soweto, near Johannesburg, marched against the compulsory use of Afrikaans as a…- Iranian RevolutionRevolution · 1978–1979The Iranian Revolution of 1978–1979 overthrew the Pahlavi monarchy of Mohammad Reza Shah.
Saur RevolutionRevolution · 1978The Saur Revolution was the coup of 27–28 April 1978 in which army units loyal to the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan overthrew and killed President Mohammad…- People Power RevolutionRevolution · 1986The People Power Revolution was a peaceful popular uprising in the Philippines on 22–25 February 1986 that ended the rule of Ferdinand Marcos.
- First IntifadaRevolt · 1987–1993The First Intifada was the Palestinian uprising against Israeli rule in the West Bank and Gaza that began in December 1987 with strikes, boycotts, stone-throwing and…
Singing RevolutionRevolution · 1987–1991The Singing Revolution was the movement of mass, largely non-violent protest from 1987 to 1991 that led to the restoration of independence of Estonia, Latvia and…
1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacreRevolt · 1989The 1989 Tiananmen Square protests were student-led demonstrations in Beijing and other Chinese cities from April to June 1989, calling for political reform, freedom of…
CaracazoRevolt · 1989The Caracazo was a wave of protests, rioting and looting that began on 27 February 1989 in Guarenas and Caracas, Venezuela, after President Carlos Andrés Pérez's…- Revolutions of 1989Revolution · 1989The revolutions of 1989 were the wave of largely peaceful uprisings that overthrew the communist regimes of Central and Eastern Europe.
Velvet RevolutionRevolution · 1989The Velvet Revolution was the peaceful overthrow of communist rule in Czechoslovakia in November and December 1989.
1990 People's MovementRevolution · 1990The 1990 People's Movement, or Jana Andolan, was a campaign of mass protests and strikes in Nepal from February to April 1990, led by the banned Nepali Congress and an…
Crises & tensions 21
Agadir CrisisCrisis · 1911The Agadir Crisis, or Second Moroccan Crisis, began in July 1911 when Germany sent the gunboat Panther to the Moroccan port of Agadir in protest against the French…
Saverne AffairCrisis · 1913The Saverne Affair, or Zabern Affair, was a political crisis in the German Empire in 1913.- Austro-Hungarian ultimatum to SerbiaCrisis · 1914The Austro-Hungarian ultimatum to Serbia was the list of demands issued by Austria-Hungary in July 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
July CrisisCrisis · 1914The July Crisis was the diplomatic crisis of 1914 following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo.
NoemvrianaCrisis · 1 December 1916The Noemvriana were the events of 1 December 1916 (18 November Old Style) in Athens, when Greek royalist troops and militias clashed with British and French forces…
Mukden IncidentCrisis · 1931The Mukden Incident was a staged explosion on a Japanese-owned railway near Mukden in Manchuria in 1931.
Walwal incidentCrisis · 1934The Walwal incident was a clash on 5 December 1934 at the wells of Walwal in the Ogaden, between Ethiopian troops and the Italian colonial garrison, which had occupied…
Xi'an IncidentCrisis · 1936The Xi'an Incident was the detention of Chiang Kai-shek in Xi'an in December 1936 by his own generals Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, who wanted him to stop fighting…
Barcelona May DaysCrisis · 1937The Barcelona May Days were street fighting in Barcelona from 3 to 8 May 1937 between anarchists and the POUM on one side and Republican and Communist forces on the…
Munich AgreementTreaty · Crisis · 1938The Munich Agreement was concluded on 29–30 September 1938 by Germany, Britain, France and Italy, without Czechoslovakia taking part.- US oil embargo against JapanCrisis · 1941The US oil embargo against Japan was the cutting off of American oil exports to Japan in 1941, imposed in response to Japanese expansion in Indochina.
Cold WarCrisis · 1947–1991The Cold War was the rivalry between the United States and its allies and the Soviet Union and its allies from the late 1940s to 1991.
Berlin AirliftCrisis · 1948–1949The Berlin Airlift was the supply of West Berlin by air in 1948–1949, after the Soviet Union blockaded road, rail and canal access to the city's western sectors in June…- Congo CrisisCrisis · 1960–1965The Congo Crisis was the period of upheaval in the Republic of the Congo, now the Democratic Republic of the Congo, from its independence from Belgium in June 1960 to…
Cuban Missile CrisisCrisis · 1962The Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962 was the closest the Cold War came to nuclear war.
Unilateral Declaration of Independence (Rhodesia)Crisis · 1965The Unilateral Declaration of Independence was issued on 11 November 1965 by Ian Smith's Rhodesian Front government of Southern Rhodesia, which refused Britain's demand…
Warsaw Pact invasion of CzechoslovakiaCrisis · 1968The Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia began on the night of 20–21 August 1968, when troops of the Soviet Union, Poland, Hungary and Bulgaria entered the country to…
The Emergency (India)Crisis · 1975–1977The Emergency was a period from June 1975 to March 1977 during which Prime Minister Indira Gandhi ruled by decree after a court found her guilty of electoral malpractice.- Loyada hostage crisisCrisis · 1976The Loyada hostage crisis took place in February 1976, when militants of the Front for the Liberation of the Somali Coast seized a school bus carrying children of…
Oka crisisCrisis · 1990The Oka crisis was a 78-day armed stand-off in 1990 between Mohawk protesters and the Quebec police and Canadian army near the town of Oka, west of Montreal.- Third Taiwan Strait CrisisCrisis · 1995–1996The Third Taiwan Strait Crisis was a period of military tension in 1995–1996, triggered by Taiwanese President Lee Teng-hui's visit to the United States in June 1995.
Treaties 116
- Buganda AgreementTreaty · 1900The Buganda Agreement was signed on 10 March 1900 between Britain, represented by Sir Harry Johnston, and the regents of the young kabaka Daudi Chwa of Buganda, led by…
- Ankole AgreementTreaty · 1901The Ankole Agreement was signed in 1901 between Britain and the king and chiefs of Ankole in present-day south-western Uganda.
Pactos de MayoTreaty · Peace · 1902The Pactos de Mayo were a set of agreements signed by Argentina and Chile on 28 May 1902.
Pacts of MayTreaty · Peace · 1902The Pacts of May were agreements signed by Chile and Argentina on 28 May 1902 that ended a period of tension over their long Andean border.
Treaty of VereenigingTreaty · Peace · 1902The Treaty of Vereeniging, signed in Pretoria on 31 May 1902, ended the Second Boer War.
Hay–Bunau-Varilla TreatyTreaty · 1903The Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty was signed on 18 November 1903 by US Secretary of State John Hay and Philippe Bunau-Varilla, acting for the newly independent Panama.
Hay–Herrán TreatyTreaty · 1903The Hay–Herrán Treaty was signed in January 1903 by US Secretary of State John Hay and the Colombian chargé d'affaires Tomás Herrán.- Treaty of KigandaTreaty · 1903The Treaty of Kiganda was the agreement of June 1903 by which Mwami Mwezi IV Gisabo of Burundi submitted to German authority after years of resistance and a German…
Treaty of PetrópolisTreaty · Peace · 1903The Treaty of Petrópolis, signed on 17 November 1903, ended the dispute between Bolivia and Brazil over Acre, a rubber-rich Amazon territory settled by Brazilian rubber…
Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905Treaty · 1905The Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905, known in Korea as the Eulsa Treaty, was signed on 17 November 1905 after the Russo-Japanese War.
Karlstad ConventionTreaty · Peace · 1905The Karlstad Convention was the set of agreements negotiated at Karlstad, Sweden, in September 1905 that settled the peaceful dissolution of the union between Sweden…
Treaty of PortsmouthTreaty · Peace · 1905The Treaty of Portsmouth ended the Russo-Japanese War.
Anglo-Russian ConventionTreaty · 1907The Anglo-Russian Convention was an agreement of 1907 between Britain and the Russian Empire settling their rivalries in Central Asia.
Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909Treaty · 1909The Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 was an agreement signed in Bangkok by which Siam transferred its claims over the northern Malay states of Kedah, Kelantan, Terengganu…
Treaty of PunakhaTreaty · 1910The Treaty of Punakha was signed in January 1910 between Bhutan and British India.
Treaty of Da'anTreaty · Peace · 1911The Treaty of Da'an was an agreement concluded in 1911 at Da'an, north-west of Sanaa, between the Ottoman Empire and the Zaydi imam Yahya Hamid al-Din.
Treaty of FezTreaty · 1912The Treaty of Fez was signed on 30 March 1912 by Sultan Abd al-Hafid of Morocco and France after the Agadir Crisis.
Treaty of OuchyTreaty · Peace · 1912The Treaty of Ouchy, signed at Ouchy near Lausanne on 18 October 1912, ended the Italo-Turkish War.- Bryan–Chamorro TreatyTreaty · 1914The Bryan–Chamorro Treaty was signed in 1914 by the US Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan and the Nicaraguan minister Emiliano Chamorro, and ratified in 1916.
Simla ConventionTreaty · 1914The Simla Convention was a treaty negotiated at Simla in 1913–1914 by representatives of Britain, China and Tibet on the status and borders of Tibet.
Thomson–Urrutia TreatyTreaty · 1914The Thomson–Urrutia Treaty was signed in Bogotá in April 1914 by the United States and Colombia to settle the dispute caused by Panama's secession in 1903.
Treaty of DarinTreaty · 1915The Treaty of Darin was signed on 26 December 1915 on the island of Tarut between Britain, represented by Percy Cox, and Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud.
Treaty of Kyakhta (1915)Treaty · 1915The Treaty of Kyakhta of 1915 was a tripartite agreement between Russia, the Republic of China and Mongolia, signed at the border town of Kyakhta in June 1915.
Treaty of London (1915)Treaty · 1915The Treaty of London was a secret agreement signed on 26 April 1915 by Italy, Britain, France and Russia.- Anglo-Qatari TreatyTreaty · 1916The Anglo-Qatari Treaty of 3 November 1916 was signed by Britain and Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani after the Ottoman garrison left Qatar during the First World War.
Armistice of 11 November 1918Treaty · Peace · 1918The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was the agreement that ended fighting on the Western Front between the Allies and Germany in the First World War.
Armistice of MudrosTreaty · Peace · 1918The Armistice of Mudros, signed on 30 October 1918 aboard HMS Agamemnon in Mudros harbour on the island of Lemnos, ended fighting between the Ottoman Empire and the…
Armistice of Villa GiustiTreaty · Peace · 1918The Armistice of Villa Giusti was signed on 3 November 1918 at a villa near Padua by Austria-Hungary and Italy on behalf of the Allies, and took effect the next day.
Danish–Icelandic Act of UnionTreaty · 1918The Danish–Icelandic Act of Union was an agreement between Denmark and Iceland that took effect on 1 December 1918, recognising Iceland as a fully sovereign kingdom in…
Treaty of BatumTreaty · Peace · 1918The Treaty of Batum was signed on 4 June 1918 between the Ottoman Empire and the new republics of Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan after the collapse of the…
Treaty of Brest-LitovskTreaty · Peace · 1918The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, signed on 3 March 1918 between Soviet Russia and the Central Powers, took Russia out of the First World War.- Anglo-Persian AgreementTreaty · 1919The Anglo-Persian Agreement was a treaty negotiated in August 1919 between Britain, led by Lord Curzon, and the government of Vosuq od-Dowleh in Qajar Iran.
Treaty of Neuilly-sur-SeineTreaty · Peace · 1919The Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine was the peace treaty between the Allied powers and Bulgaria after the First World War, signed on 27 November 1919.
Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)Treaty · Peace · 1919The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye was the peace treaty signed on 10 September 1919 between the Allied powers and the new Republic of Austria after the First World War.
Soviet–Lithuanian Peace TreatyTreaty · Peace · 1920The Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty was signed in Moscow on 12 July 1920, ending the war between Soviet Russia and Lithuania.
Treaty of Rapallo (1920)Treaty · 1920The Treaty of Rapallo was signed on 12 November 1920 by Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes to settle their border after the First World War.
Treaty of SeebTreaty · Peace · 1920The Treaty of Seeb was an agreement concluded in 1920, through British mediation, between the Sultan of Muscat and the tribal leaders of the Ibadi Imamate of Oman in…
Treaty of SèvresTreaty · Peace · 1920The Treaty of Sèvres was the peace treaty of 1920 between the Allied powers and the Ottoman Empire after the First World War.
Treaty of Tartu (Finland–Russia)Treaty · Peace · 1920The Treaty of Tartu between Finland and Soviet Russia, signed on 14 October 1920 in the Estonian town of Tartu, fixed the border between the two states after the…- Treaty of Tartu (Finnish–Russian)Treaty · Peace · 1920The Treaty of Tartu was signed on 14 October 1920 between Finland and Soviet Russia, confirming the border between the two states after Finnish independence.
Treaty of Tartu (Russian–Estonian)Treaty · Peace · 1920The Treaty of Tartu was signed on 2 February 1920 between the Republic of Estonia and Soviet Russia, ending the Estonian War of Independence.
Treaty of TrianonTreaty · Peace · 1920The Treaty of Trianon was the peace treaty signed on 4 June 1920 at the Grand Trianon palace in Versailles between the Allied powers and Hungary after the First World…
Anglo-Irish TreatyTreaty · Peace · 1921The Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed in London on 6 December 1921 by British ministers and Irish delegates led by Arthur Griffith and Michael Collins, ending the Irish War…- Pact of Union (1921)Treaty · 1921The Pact of Union was an agreement signed at San José, Costa Rica, in January 1921, on the centenary of Central American independence, to recreate a federal union of…
Peace of RigaTreaty · Peace · 1921The Peace of Riga was signed on 18 March 1921 between Poland on one side and Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine on the other, ending the Polish–Soviet War.
Russo-Persian Treaty of Friendship (1921)Treaty · 1921The Russo-Persian Treaty of Friendship was signed in Moscow on 26 February 1921 between Soviet Russia and Persia.
Treaty of Ankara (1921)Treaty · Peace · 1921The Treaty of Ankara (1921) was the agreement signed on 20 October 1921 between France and the Turkish nationalist government of the Grand National Assembly, negotiated…- Venice ProtocolTreaty · 1921The Venice Protocol was an agreement signed on 13 October 1921 between Austria and Hungary under Italian mediation to settle the dispute over Burgenland.
Washington Naval ConferenceTreaty · Peace · 1921–1922The Washington Naval Conference was an international meeting held in Washington from November 1921 to February 1922 on naval disarmament and the Pacific.
Treaty on the Creation of the USSRTreaty · 1922The Treaty on the Creation of the USSR, approved on 30 December 1922 by the First All-Union Congress of Soviets, united the Russian SFSR, the Ukrainian SSR, the…
Uqair ProtocolTreaty · 1922The Uqair Protocol of 1922 set the borders between the Sultanate of Nejd under Ibn Saud and the British-protected Kuwait and mandated Iraq.
Washington Naval TreatyTreaty · 1922The Washington Naval Treaty was an arms-limitation agreement signed in February 1922 by the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, France and Italy at the Washington…
Treaty of LausanneTreaty · Peace · 1923The Treaty of Lausanne, signed on 24 July 1923, settled the conflict between the Allies and the Turkish nationalist government, replacing the Treaty of Sèvres.
Klaipėda ConventionTreaty · 1924The Klaipėda Convention was an international agreement signed in Paris in May 1924 between Lithuania and Britain, France, Italy and Japan.
Locarno TreatiesTreaty · Peace · 1925The Locarno Treaties were agreements negotiated at Locarno in Switzerland in October 1925 and signed in London that December.- Treaties of TiranaTreaty · 1926–1927The Treaties of Tirana were two agreements between Albania under Ahmet Zogu and Fascist Italy.
Treaty of Jeddah (1927)Treaty · 1927The Treaty of Jeddah, signed on 20 May 1927 between Britain and Ibn Saud, recognised the full independence of his Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd and its dependencies…
Lateran TreatyTreaty · 1929The Lateran Treaty was signed on 11 February 1929 by Cardinal Pietro Gasparri for Pope Pius XI and Benito Mussolini for the Kingdom of Italy.
Treaty of Lima (1929)Treaty · Peace · 1929The Treaty of Lima, signed on 3 June 1929 with the mediation of the United States, settled the Tacna–Arica dispute left by the War of the Pacific.- Bunyoro Agreement (1933)Treaty · 1933The Bunyoro Agreement was signed in 1933 between the British colonial government of the Uganda Protectorate and Omukama Tito Winyi IV.
Roca–Runciman TreatyTreaty · 1933The Roca–Runciman Treaty was a trade agreement signed in 1933 by Argentine Vice-President Julio Argentino Roca Jr and the British trade minister Walter Runciman.
Tanggu TruceTreaty · Peace · 1933The Tanggu Truce was the ceasefire signed at Tanggu, near Tianjin, on 31 May 1933 between China and Japan after Japanese forces had pushed south of the Great Wall.
Balkan PactTreaty · 1934The Balkan Pact, or Balkan Entente, was an agreement signed in Athens on 9 February 1934 by Greece, Romania, Turkey and Yugoslavia.- Treaty of Ta'ifTreaty · Peace · 1934The Treaty of Ta'if was signed on 20 May 1934 between Saudi Arabia and the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen after the brief Saudi–Yemeni War.
Anglo-German Naval AgreementTreaty · 1935The Anglo-German Naval Agreement, signed in London on 18 June 1935, allowed Nazi Germany to build a navy of up to 35 per cent of the Royal Navy's surface tonnage and 45…
Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936Treaty · 1936The Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936 was an agreement between the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Egypt.
Franco-Syrian Treaty of IndependenceTreaty · 1936The Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence was negotiated in 1936 between France and the Syrian nationalists of the National Bloc after a long general strike.- Hull–Alfaro TreatyTreaty · 1936The Hull–Alfaro Treaty was signed in 1936 by US Secretary of State Cordell Hull and the Panamanian envoy Ricardo J.
First Vienna AwardTreaty · 1938The First Vienna Award was an arbitration by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, announced in Vienna on 2 November 1938, that transferred southern Slovakia and the south of…- Vienna AwardsTreaty · 1938–1940The Vienna Awards were two arbitrations by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy that returned territory to Hungary.
- Cvetković–Maček AgreementTreaty · 1939The Cvetković–Maček Agreement was a political settlement reached on 26 August 1939 between the Yugoslav prime minister Dragiša Cvetković and Vladko Maček, leader of the…
Molotov–Ribbentrop PactTreaty · 1939The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was the non-aggression treaty signed by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in Moscow on 23 August 1939.
Pact of SteelTreaty · 22 May 1939The Pact of Steel was a military and political alliance between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, signed in Berlin on 22 May 1939 by the foreign ministers Galeazzo Ciano…
Moscow Peace TreatyTreaty · Peace · 1940The Moscow Peace Treaty, signed on 12 March 1940, ended the Winter War between Finland and the Soviet Union.
Tripartite PactTreaty · 1940The Tripartite Pact was signed in Berlin on 27 September 1940 by Germany, Italy and Japan, who pledged to assist one another if attacked by a power not yet in the war…- Treaties of Rome (1941)Treaty · 1941The Treaties of Rome were agreements signed on 18 May 1941 between Fascist Italy and the newly created Independent State of Croatia.
Rio ProtocolTreaty · Peace · 1942The Rio de Janeiro Protocol was signed on 29 January 1942 by Ecuador and Peru after Peru's victory in the war of 1941, with Argentina, Brazil, Chile and the United…
Potsdam AgreementTreaty · 1945The Potsdam Agreement was signed on 1 August 1945 at the end of the Potsdam Conference between the United States, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom.
Linggadjati AgreementTreaty · 1946–1947The Linggadjati Agreement was a settlement negotiated in November 1946 at Linggadjati near Cirebon in West Java between the Netherlands and the Republic of Indonesia…- Washington Agreement (1946)Treaty · 1946The Washington Agreement of May 1946 settled Allied claims against Switzerland arising from its wartime dealings with Nazi Germany.
- Paris Peace Treaties (1947)Treaty · Peace · 1947The Paris Peace Treaties were signed on 10 February 1947 between the Allied powers and the former Axis allies Italy, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria and Finland.
Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948Treaty · 1948The Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948, formally the Agreement of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, was signed in Moscow on 6 April 1948.
Dutch–Indonesian Round Table ConferenceTreaty · Peace · 1949The Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference met in The Hague from August to November 1949, bringing together the Netherlands, the Republic of Indonesia and the federal…- Élysée AccordsTreaty · 1949The Élysée Accords were agreements signed on 8 March 1949 by the French President Vincent Auriol and the former emperor Bảo Đại.
ANZUSTreaty · 1951ANZUS is the security treaty signed by Australia, New Zealand and the United States in San Francisco on 1 September 1951, each pledging to act against a common danger…
Treaty of San FranciscoTreaty · Peace · 1951The Treaty of San Francisco was signed on 8 September 1951 by Japan and 48 Allied nations, formally ending the state of war of the Second World War.
Geneva Accords (1954)Treaty · Peace · 1954The Geneva Accords were the agreements concluded at the Geneva Conference in July 1954 that ended the First Indochina War.
Austrian State TreatyTreaty · 1955The Austrian State Treaty, signed in Vienna on 15 May 1955 by the four occupying powers and Austria, restored Austria as a sovereign, independent and democratic state.
Baghdad PactTreaty · 1955–1979The Baghdad Pact was a Cold War defensive alliance formed in 1955 by Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Pakistan and the United Kingdom, with the United States closely associated.- Treaty of RomeTreaty · 1957The Treaty of Rome, signed on 25 March 1957 by Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany, founded the European Economic Community.
Évian AccordsTreaty · Peace · 1962The Évian Accords were the agreements signed in 1962 between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front, ending the Algerian War.- Barotseland Agreement 1964Treaty · 1964The Barotseland Agreement 1964 was signed in May 1964 by Kenneth Kaunda for Northern Rhodesia, the Litunga Mwanawina III and the British government.
Tashkent DeclarationTreaty · Peace · 1966The Tashkent Declaration was the peace agreement signed on 10 January 1966 by Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri of India and President Ayub Khan of Pakistan at…- Okinawa Reversion AgreementTreaty · 1971The Okinawa Reversion Agreement was a treaty between the United States and Japan, signed on 17 June 1971, under which the Ryukyu Islands, administered by the United…
Paris Peace AccordsTreaty · Peace · 1973The Paris Peace Accords were signed on 27 January 1973 by the United States, North Vietnam, South Vietnam and the Viet Cong's Provisional Revolutionary Government…
Alvor AgreementTreaty · Peace · 1975The Alvor Agreement was signed on 15 January 1975 at Alvor in Portugal by the Portuguese government and the three Angolan liberation movements, the MPLA, FNLA and UNITA.
Helsinki Final ActTreaty · Peace · 1975The Helsinki Final Act was signed on 1 August 1975 in Helsinki by 35 states, including the United States, Canada, the Soviet Union and almost all European countries, at…
Torrijos–Carter TreatiesTreaty · 1977The Torrijos–Carter Treaties were two agreements signed on 7 September 1977 by Panama's leader Omar Torrijos and US President Jimmy Carter.- Treaty Concerning the Permanent Neutrality and Operation of the Panama CanalTreaty · 1977The Treaty Concerning the Permanent Neutrality and Operation of the Panama Canal, usually called the Neutrality Treaty, was one of the two Torrijos–Carter Treaties…
Sino-British Joint DeclarationTreaty · 1984The Sino-British Joint Declaration was signed in Beijing on 19 December 1984 by Margaret Thatcher and Zhao Ziyang.
South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone TreatyTreaty · Peace · 1985The South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty, or Treaty of Rarotonga, was signed at Rarotonga in the Cook Islands on 6 August 1985 by members of the South Pacific Forum…- Esquipulas Peace AgreementTreaty · Peace · 1987The Esquipulas Peace Agreement, or Esquipulas II, was signed on 7 August 1987 in Guatemala City by the presidents of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and…
Sino-Portuguese Joint DeclarationTreaty · 1987The Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration was signed in Beijing on 13 April 1987 by Portugal and the People's Republic of China.- Matignon Accords (1988)Treaty · Peace · 1988The Matignon Accords were signed in June 1988 at the Hôtel Matignon in Paris by the French government of Michel Rocard, the Kanak independence leader Jean-Marie Tjibaou…
- New York AccordsTreaty · Peace · 1988The New York Accords were signed at the United Nations on 22 December 1988 by Angola, Cuba and South Africa.
- Taif AgreementTreaty · Peace · 1989The Taif Agreement was negotiated by Lebanese members of parliament at Taif in Saudi Arabia and signed in October 1989 to end the Lebanese Civil War.
Belovezha AccordsTreaty · 1991The Belovezha Accords were signed on 8 December 1991 at Viskuli in the Belovezha Forest of Belarus by the leaders of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus: Boris Yeltsin, Leonid…- Paris Peace AgreementsTreaty · Peace · 1991The Paris Peace Agreements were signed on 23 October 1991 by Cambodia's Supreme National Council, representing the rival factions, and eighteen other states to end the…
- Treaty of AsunciónTreaty · 1991The Treaty of Asunción was signed on 26 March 1991 by Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay in the Paraguayan capital.
Chapultepec Peace AccordsTreaty · Peace · 1992The Chapultepec Peace Accords were signed in Chapultepec Castle in Mexico City on 16 January 1992 by the government of El Salvador and the FMLN, after negotiations…
Maastricht TreatyTreaty · 1992The Maastricht Treaty, formally the Treaty on European Union, was signed in the Dutch city of Maastricht in February 1992 and came into force in November 1993.- Oslo AccordsTreaty · 1993–1995The Oslo Accords were the agreements of 1993 and 1995 between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization, negotiated secretly in Norway, in which each side…
Dayton AgreementTreaty · Peace · 1995The Dayton Agreement was the peace settlement that ended the Bosnian War, negotiated at an air base near Dayton, Ohio, in November 1995 and signed in Paris on 14…- Brasília Presidential ActTreaty · Peace · 1998The Brasília Presidential Act was signed on 26 October 1998 by Presidents Jamil Mahuad of Ecuador and Alberto Fujimori of Peru, with the guarantor states of the Rio de…
- Good Friday AgreementTreaty · Peace · 1998The Good Friday Agreement, or Belfast Agreement, signed on 10 April 1998, was the settlement that largely ended the Troubles in Northern Ireland.
- Nouméa AccordTreaty · Peace · 1998The Nouméa Accord, signed on 5 May 1998 by the French state and New Caledonia's independence and loyalist movements, set out a gradual transfer of powers to the…
Peace efforts & congresses 10
London Conference of 1912–1913Peace · 1912–1913The London Conference of 1912–1913 was a meeting of the ambassadors of the six great powers in London, chaired by Sir Edward Grey, to settle the outcome of the First…
Sixtus AffairPeace · 1917–1918The Sixtus Affair was the secret attempt by Emperor Karl I of Austria-Hungary in 1917 to make a separate peace with France, using his brother-in-law Prince Sixtus of…
Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)Peace · 1919–1920The Paris Peace Conference was the meeting of the victorious Allied powers after the First World War, opened in January 1919 and dominated by Britain, France, the…
Conference of AmbassadorsPeace · 1920–1931The Conference of Ambassadors was a body of the Allied powers set up in Paris in 1920 to enforce and interpret the peace treaties after the First World War.
San Remo conferencePeace · 1920The San Remo conference was a meeting of the Allied Supreme Council held at Sanremo in Italy in April 1920.
Armistice of CassibilePeace · 3 September 1943The Armistice of Cassibile was the armistice between Italy and the Allies, signed secretly on 3 September 1943 at an Allied camp near Cassibile in Sicily and announced…
Potsdam DeclarationPeace · 1945The Potsdam Declaration was the statement issued on 26 July 1945 by the United States, Britain and China setting out the terms for Japan's surrender in the Second World…
Surrender of JapanPeace · 2 September 1945The surrender of Japan was formally signed on 2 September 1945 aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay.
United Nations Emergency ForcePeace · 1956–1967The United Nations Emergency Force was the first armed peacekeeping force of the United Nations, created in November 1956 on the proposal of Lester B.
International Force East TimorPeace · 1999–2000The International Force East Timor (INTERFET) was a multinational peacekeeping force led by Australia and authorised by the UN Security Council in September 1999.