Conflicts and resolutions of the 5th century BCE
35 battles, sieges, wars, revolts, crises, treaties and peace settlements, in date order.
Battles 24
- Battle of Salamis in CyprusBattle · 497 BCEThe Battle of Salamis in Cyprus was fought in 497 BCE during the Ionian Revolt, when the Greek cities of Cyprus, led by Onesilus of Salamis, rose against Persian rule.
Battle of Lake RegillusBattle · c. 496 BCEThe Battle of Lake Regillus was a legendary victory of the early Roman Republic over the Latin League, traditionally dated around 496 BCE, near Tusculum in the Alban…
Battle of LadeBattle · 494 BCEThe Battle of Lade was a naval battle fought in 494 BCE off the island of Lade near Miletus.- Battle of SepeiaBattle · c. 494 BCEThe Battle of Sepeia was fought around 494 BCE near Tiryns in the Argolid between Sparta, led by King Cleomenes I, and Argos.
Battle of MarathonBattle · 490 BCEThe Battle of Marathon was fought in 490 BCE on the plain of Marathon in Attica, where an Athenian army, aided by Plataea, defeated a Persian expeditionary force sent…
Battle of ArtemisiumBattle · 480 BCEThe Battle of Artemisium was a series of naval engagements fought over three days in August 480 BCE off the northern tip of Euboea, at the same time as the land battle…
Battle of SalamisBattle · 480 BCEThe Battle of Salamis was a naval battle fought in 480 BCE in the straits between the island of Salamis and the coast of Attica, during the second Persian invasion of…
Battle of ThermopylaeBattle · 480 BCEThe Battle of Thermopylae was fought in 480 BCE at a narrow coastal pass in central Greece, where a small Greek force led by King Leonidas of Sparta held off the army…
Battle of MycaleBattle · 479 BCEThe Battle of Mycale was fought in 479 BCE at Mount Mycale on the coast of Ionia, opposite Samos.
Battle of PlataeaBattle · 479 BCEThe Battle of Plataea was fought in 479 BCE in Boeotia, where an allied Greek army led by Sparta defeated the Persian land forces under Mardonius.
Battle of the EurymedonBattle · c. 466 BCEThe Battle of the Eurymedon was a double victory won around 466 BCE by the Delian League under Cimon over the Persian Empire at the mouth of the Eurymedon river in…- Battle of OenophytaBattle · 457 BCEThe Battle of Oenophyta was fought in Boeotia in 457 BCE, about two months after the Spartan victory at Tanagra.
- Battle of TanagraBattle · 457 BCEThe Battle of Tanagra was fought in 457 BCE near Tanagra in Boeotia, Greece, between Athens with its allies and a Spartan-led army returning from central Greece.
- Battle of Coronea (447 BC)Battle · 447 BCEThe Battle of Coronea of 447 BCE was fought in Boeotia, where Boeotian exiles and their allies defeated an Athenian force under Tolmides as it withdrew.
- Battle of LeucimmeBattle · 435 BCEThe Battle of Leucimme was a naval battle fought in 435 BCE off the promontory of Leucimme on Corfu, in which the fleet of Corcyra defeated a Corinthian fleet.
- Battle of SybotaBattle · 433 BCEThe Battle of Sybota was a naval battle fought in 433 BCE near the Sybota islands, off the coast of Epirus, between Corinth and its allies and Corcyra, supported by an…
- Battle of IdomeneBattle · 426 BCEThe Battle of Idomene was fought in 426 BCE in Amphilochia, north-western Greece, during the Peloponnesian War.
Battle of SphacteriaBattle · 425 BCEThe Battle of Sphacteria was fought in 425 BCE on the island of Sphacteria, which closes the bay of Pylos in Messenia, during the Peloponnesian War.
Battle of DeliumBattle · 424 BCEThe Battle of Delium was fought in 424 BCE near Delium on the Boeotian coast during the Peloponnesian War.- Battle of Mantinea (418 BCE)Battle · 418 BCEThe Battle of Mantinea of 418 BCE was the largest land battle of the Peloponnesian War, fought in Arcadia.
- Battle of AbydosBattle · 411 BCEThe Battle of Abydos was a naval battle of the Peloponnesian War fought in 411 BCE in the Hellespont off the city of Abydos.
- Battle of NotiumBattle · 406 BCEThe Battle of Notium was a naval battle of 406 BCE near Notium, the port of Colophon, close to Ephesus, in the Peloponnesian War.
- Battle of AegospotamiBattle · 405 BCEThe Battle of Aegospotami was a naval battle in 405 BCE on the Hellespont, near Sestos.
Battle of CunaxaBattle · 401 BCEThe Battle of Cunaxa was fought in 401 BCE on the Euphrates north of Babylon between the Persian king Artaxerxes II and his younger brother Cyrus the Younger, who…
Wars & campaigns 6
- Second Persian invasion of GreeceCampaign · 480 BCEThe Second Persian invasion of Greece was the massive campaign launched by Xerxes I of the Achaemenid Empire in 480 BCE.
- First Peloponnesian WarWar · c. 460–445 BCEThe First Peloponnesian War was fought from about 460 to 445 BCE between Athens and its allies and the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta, together with Corinth and…
Second Sacred WarWar · c. 449–448 BCEThe Second Sacred War was a brief conflict around 449–448 BCE over control of the sanctuary of Delphi.
Peloponnesian WarWar · 431–404 BCEThe Peloponnesian War was fought from 431 to 404 BCE between Athens and its empire and the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta.
Sicilian ExpeditionCampaign · 415–413 BCEThe Sicilian Expedition was the Athenian invasion of Sicily during the Peloponnesian War, launched in 415 BCE on the pretext of aiding Segesta against Selinus and aimed…
Decelean WarWar · 413–404 BCEThe Decelean War, also called the Ionian War, was the final phase of the Peloponnesian War, from 413 to 404 BCE.
Revolts & revolutions 3
Ionian RevoltRevolt · 499–493 BCEThe Ionian Revolt was a rising of the Greek cities of Ionia and other parts of Asia Minor and Cyprus against Persian rule, from 499 to 493 BCE.- Inaros IIRevolt · d. c. 454 BCEInaros II was a Libyan prince who led a revolt against Persian rule in Egypt from about 460 BCE.
- Revolt of Cyrus the YoungerRevolt · 401 BCEThe Revolt of Cyrus the Younger was a rebellion in 401 BCE in which a Persian prince hired Greek mercenaries to seize the throne from his brother Artaxerxes II.
Treaties 2
- Foedus CassianumTreaty · c. 493 BCEThe Foedus Cassianum was a treaty between Rome and the cities of the Latin League, traditionally dated to 493 BCE and named after the consul Spurius Cassius.
- Peace of NiciasTreaty · Peace · 421 BCEThe Peace of Nicias was a treaty between Athens and Sparta concluded in the spring of 421 BCE, ending the first phase of the Peloponnesian War, known as the Archidamian…