Conflicts and resolutions of the 16th century
177 battles, sieges, wars, revolts, crises, treaties and peace settlements, in date order.
Battles 89
Battle of JabaniBattle · 1500The Battle of Jabani was fought in 1500 in Shirvan, in present-day Azerbaijan, between the young Safavid leader Ismail and the Shirvanshah Farrukh Yasar.
Battle of VedroshaBattle · 1500The Battle of Vedrosha was fought on 14 July 1500 on the Vedrosha River near Dorogobuzh in western Russia.- Battle of SharurBattle · 1501The Battle of Sharur was fought in 1501 in the southern Caucasus, where Ismail, head of the Safaviyya order, led the Qizilbash to victory over the Aq Qoyunlu…
- Battle of Lake SmolinoBattle · 1502The Battle of Lake Smolino was fought on 13 September 1502 near Pskov, when the Livonian Order under Master Wolter von Plettenberg defeated a much larger Muscovite army.
Battle of CerignolaBattle · 28 April 1503The Battle of Cerignola was fought on 28 April 1503 in Apulia, southern Italy.
Battle of the Garigliano (1503)Battle · 1503The Battle of the Garigliano was fought on 29 December 1503 on the river Garigliano between Lazio and Campania, during the Italian Wars.- Battle of KnockdoeBattle · 1504The Battle of Knockdoe was fought on 19 August 1504 near Lackagh in County Galway, Ireland.
Battle of AgnadelloBattle · 1509The Battle of Agnadello was fought on 14 May 1509 in Lombardy, when the French army of Louis XII routed the Venetian army.- Battle of Diu (1509)Battle · 1509The Battle of Diu was a naval battle fought in 1509 off Diu on the west coast of India.
Battle of FloddenBattle · 1513The Battle of Flodden was fought on 9 September 1513 in Northumberland, where an English army under the Earl of Surrey destroyed the invading Scottish army of James IV…
Battle of Novara (1513)Battle · 1513The Battle of Novara was fought on 6 June 1513 near Novara in northern Italy, when a Swiss army defending Duke Massimiliano Sforza of Milan made a surprise attack on…
Battle of ChaldiranBattle · 1514The Battle of Chaldiran was fought in 1514 in north-western Iran between the Ottoman sultan Selim I and the Safavid shah Ismail I.
Battle of OrshaBattle · 1514The Battle of Orsha was fought on 8 September 1514 on the Dnieper near Orsha in modern Belarus.
Battle of MarignanoBattle · 1515The Battle of Marignano was fought on 13–14 September 1515 near Melegnano, south-east of Milan, between the French army of Francis I and Swiss forces defending the…
Battle of Marj DabiqBattle · 1516The Battle of Marj Dabiq was fought in 1516 near Aleppo in northern Syria between the Ottoman Empire under Selim I and the Mamluk Sultanate.- Battle of KhatoliBattle · 1517The Battle of Khatoli was fought in 1517 near Khatoli, in the Kota region of Rajasthan, between Rana Sanga of Mewar and Ibrahim Lodi, sultan of Delhi.
- Battle of RidaniyaBattle · 1517The Battle of Ridaniya was fought on 22 January 1517 outside Cairo between the Ottoman army of Selim I and the Mamluks under Sultan Tuman bay II.
Battle of RaichurBattle · 1520The Battle of Raichur was fought in 1520 between the Vijayanagara Empire under Krishnadevaraya and the Bijapur Sultanate under Ismail Adil Shah near the fortress of…
La Noche TristeBattle · 1520La Noche Triste, the 'Night of Sorrows', was the night in 1520 when Hernan Cortes and his Spanish forces and allies fled Tenochtitlan under attack by the Aztecs.
Battle of NoáinBattle · 1521The Battle of Noáin was fought on 30 June 1521 near Pamplona.
Battle of VillalarBattle · 1521The Battle of Villalar was fought on 23 April 1521 near Valladolid, where royalist cavalry routed the army of the Castilian Comuneros.
Battle of FrankenhausenBattle · 1525The Battle of Frankenhausen, fought on 15 May 1525 in Thuringia, was one of the decisive defeats of the German Peasants' War.
Battle of PaviaBattle · 1525The Battle of Pavia was fought in 1525 in northern Italy during the Italian Wars, between the forces of Charles V and the French army of Francis I.
Battle of MohácsBattle · 1526The Battle of Mohács was fought in 1526 in southern Hungary between the Ottoman Empire under Suleiman the Magnificent and the Kingdom of Hungary.
First Battle of PanipatBattle · 1526The First Battle of Panipat was fought in 1526 between Babur and Ibrahim Lodi, the last sultan of Delhi.
Battle of GhaghraBattle · 1529The Battle of Ghaghra was fought on 6 May 1529 near the confluence of the Ghaghra and the Ganges, in present-day Bihar, India.
Battle of Shimbra KureBattle · 1529The Battle of Shimbra Kure was fought in March 1529 in the Ethiopian highlands, where the forces of the Adal Sultanate under Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi routed a much…
Battle of GavinanaBattle · 1530The Battle of Gavinana was fought on 3 August 1530 at the village of Gavinana in the Apennines north-west of Florence.- Battle of Amba SelBattle · 1531The Battle of Amba Sel was fought in 1531 in the Ethiopian highlands between the forces of Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal and the army of the Ethiopian emperor…
Battle of KappelBattle · 1531The Battle of Kappel was fought on 11 October 1531 near Kappel am Albis, between the Catholic cantons of central Switzerland and Protestant Zürich.- Battle of SurajgarhBattle · 1534The Battle of Surajgarh was fought in 1534 near Surajgarha on the Kiul river in Bihar, India, between the Afghan leader Sher Khan Sur and the army of Ghiyasuddin Mahmud…
- Battle of MurjakhetiBattle · 1535The Battle of Murjakheti was fought in 1535 in south-western Georgia between King Bagrat III of Imereti and Qvarqvare III, atabeg of Samtskhe.
Battle of MontemurloBattle · 1537The Battle of Montemurlo was fought on 1 August 1537 near Prato, where the forces of the new Duke of Florence, Cosimo I de' Medici, defeated republican exiles led by…
Battle of Las SalinasBattle · 1538The Battle of Las Salinas was fought in April 1538 near Cusco between the forces of Francisco Pizarro, led by his brother Hernando, and those of Diego de Almagro, in…
Battle of PrevezaBattle · 1538The Battle of Preveza was a naval battle fought on 28 September 1538 off Preveza in north-western Greece, in which the Ottoman fleet under Hayreddin Barbarossa defeated…- Battle of BonzaBattle · 1539The Battle of Bonza was fought in 1539 near Duitama in present-day Boyacá, Colombia, between Spanish forces under Baltasar Maldonado, with Indian auxiliaries, and the…
Battle of ChausaBattle · 1539The Battle of Chausa was fought in June 1539 near Chausa on the Ganges in Bihar, where the Afghan leader Sher Khan surprised and routed the army of the Mughal emperor…
Battle of ChupasBattle · 1542The Battle of Chupas was fought on 16 September 1542 near Huamanga (Ayacucho) in Peru, when the royal governor Cristóbal Vaca de Castro defeated Diego de Almagro the…
Battle of Solway MossBattle · 1542The Battle of Solway Moss was fought on 24 November 1542 near the River Esk on the English border, where a small English force routed a larger Scottish army sent by…
Battle of Wayna DagaBattle · 1543The Battle of Wayna Daga was fought on 21 February 1543 in the Ethiopian highlands, where Emperor Galawdewos of the Ethiopian Empire, aided by Portuguese musketeers…- Battle of SammelBattle · 1544The Battle of Sammel was fought in January 1544 near Sammel in Rajasthan between the army of Sher Shah Suri and the Rathore forces of Rao Maldeo of Marwar.
- Battle of SokhoistaBattle · 1545The Battle of Sokhoista was fought in 1545 in Samtskhe, south-western Georgia, where an Ottoman army defeated a coalition of Georgian rulers led by King Bagrat III of…
Siege of Kawagoe CastleBattle · Siege · 1545–1546The Siege of Kawagoe Castle was a battle of Japan's Sengoku period in which the Later Hojo clan defended Kawagoe Castle in Musashi province against a large coalition of…
Battle of AñaquitoBattle · 1546The Battle of Añaquito was fought on 18 January 1546 on the plain of Iñaquito near Quito between the forces of Viceroy Blasco Núñez Vela and the rebel encomenderos led…
Battle of MühlbergBattle · 1547The Battle of Mühlberg was fought on 24 April 1547 near Mühlberg on the Elbe and decided the Schmalkaldic War.
Battle of JaquijahuanaBattle · 1548The Battle of Jaquijahuana was fought on 9 April 1548 on the plain of Jaquijahuana near Cusco between royal forces under Pedro de la Gasca and the rebel encomenderos of…
Battle of DankiBattle · c. 1549The Battle of Danki was fought around 1549 in present-day Senegal between the forces of Amari Ngone Sobel Fall of Cayor and the army of the Jolof Empire.
Battle of SievershausenBattle · 1553The Battle of Sievershausen was fought on 9 July 1553 near Lehrte in Lower Saxony between Elector Maurice of Saxony and Margrave Albert Alcibiades of…
Battle of TucapelBattle · 1553The Battle of Tucapel was fought in December 1553 in southern Chile, when Mapuche forces led by Lautaro destroyed a small Spanish column under Pedro de Valdivia, the…
Battles of KawanakajimaBattle · 1553–1564The Battles of Kawanakajima were five battles fought between Takeda Shingen and Uesugi Kenshin from 1553 to 1564 on the plain of Kawanakajima in northern Shinano, Japan.
Battle of MarcianoBattle · 1554The Battle of Marciano, also called Scannagallo, was fought on 2 August 1554 in the Valdichiana between the forces of Cosimo I de' Medici and the Emperor Charles V and…- Battle of TadlaBattle · 1554The Battle of Tadla was fought in September 1554 near Tadla in central Morocco between the Saadi sultan Muhammad al-Shaykh and the Wattasid Ali Abu Hassun, who had…
Battle of MiyajimaBattle · 1555The Battle of Miyajima was fought in 1555 on the island of Itsukushima in the Inland Sea of Japan.
Second Battle of PanipatBattle · 1556The Second Battle of Panipat was fought on 5 November 1556 north of Delhi between the young Mughal emperor Akbar, under his regent Bairam Khan, and Hemu, the Hindu…
Battle of Saint-Quentin (1557)Battle · 1557The Battle of Saint-Quentin was fought on 10 August 1557 in Picardy, when a Spanish army under Emmanuel Philibert, duke of Savoy, serving Philip II of Spain, crushed a…
Battle of Gravelines (1558)Battle · 1558The Battle of Gravelines was fought on 13 July 1558 near Gravelines on the coast of Flanders.- Battle of Wadi al-LabanBattle · 1558The Battle of Wadi al-Laban was fought in 1558 near Fez between the Saadi sultan Abdallah al-Ghalib and an Ottoman army from Algiers led by Hasan Pasha, son of…
- Battle of FatagarBattle · 1559The Battle of Fatagar was fought in 1559 between the forces of Emir Nur ibn Mujahid of Adal and the Ethiopian emperor Gelawdewos, who was killed.
- Battle of ErgemeBattle · 1560The Battle of Ergeme was fought on 2 August 1560 near Ērģeme in northern Latvia during the Livonian War.
Battle of OkehazamaBattle · 1560The Battle of Okehazama was fought in June 1560 in Owari Province, Japan, when Oda Nobunaga with a small force made a surprise attack on the much larger army of Imagawa…- Battle of TalikotaBattle · 1565The Battle of Talikota was fought in January 1565 in the northern Deccan between the Vijayanagara Empire and an alliance of the Deccan sultanates of Bijapur…
Battle of AnegawaBattle · 1570The Battle of Anegawa was fought in the summer of 1570 by the Ane river in northern Ōmi province, Japan.
Battle of Bangkusay ChannelBattle · 3 June 1571The Battle of Bangkusay Channel was fought on 3 June 1571 in Manila Bay, off Tondo near the mouth of the Pasig River.
Battle of LepantoBattle · 1571The Battle of Lepanto was a naval battle fought on 7 October 1571 in the Gulf of Patras, off western Greece, between the fleet of the Holy League, led by Don John of…
Battle of MolodiBattle · 1572The Battle of Molodi was fought in late July and early August 1572 near the village of Molodi, south of Moscow.
Battle of MikatagaharaBattle · 1573The Battle of Mikatagahara was fought on 25 January 1573 near Hamamatsu in Tōtōmi Province, Japan.
Battle of NagashinoBattle · 1575The Battle of Nagashino was fought on 28 June 1575 in Mikawa Province, Japan.
Battle of TukaroiBattle · 1575The Battle of Tukaroi was fought on 3 March 1575 near the village of Tukaroi in present-day Balasore district, Odisha, India, between the Mughal army of Akbar under…
Battle of HaldighatiBattle · 1576The Battle of Haldighati was fought on 18 June 1576 in a mountain pass near Gogunda in Mewar between Maharana Pratap and a Mughal army led by Man Singh I of Amber for…- Battle of RajmahalBattle · 1576The Battle of Rajmahal was fought on 12 July 1576 near Rajmahal on the Ganges, in present-day Jharkhand, India, between the Mughal army of Akbar under Khan Jahan and…
Battle of TedorigawaBattle · 1577The Battle of Tedorigawa was fought in 1577 at the Tedori River in Kaga Province, Japan, between the forces of Uesugi Kenshin and an army sent by Oda Nobunaga under…
Battle of Alcácer QuibirBattle · 1578The Battle of Alcácer Quibir, also called the Battle of the Three Kings, was fought in northern Morocco in 1578.- Battle of MimikawaBattle · 1578The Battle of Mimikawa was fought in 1578 on the Mimi River in Hyūga Province, Kyushu, between the Ōtomo and the Shimazu. Ōtomo Sōrin's army, advancing to restore an…
Battle of Alcântara (1580)Battle · 1580The Battle of Alcântara was fought on 25 August 1580 near Lisbon, where a Spanish army under the Duke of Alba defeated the forces of António, Prior of Crato, the…
Battle of TenmokuzanBattle · 1582The Battle of Tenmokuzan was fought in April 1582 in Kai Province, Japan, when the forces of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu invaded the Takeda lands.
Battle of YamazakiBattle · 1582The Battle of Yamazaki was fought in July 1582 near Yamazaki, between Kyoto and Osaka, where Toyotomi Hideyoshi defeated Akechi Mitsuhide, who had killed Oda Nobunaga…
Battle of ShizugatakeBattle · 1583The Battle of Shizugatake was fought in 1583 near Lake Biwa in Omi province, Japan, between Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Shibata Katsuie, rival successors to Oda Nobunaga.
Battle of Komaki and NagakuteBattle · 1584The Battle of Komaki and Nagakute was a campaign fought in 1584 in Owari province, Japan, between Toyotomi Hideyoshi and the allied forces of Tokugawa Ieyasu and Oda…- Battle of OkitanawateBattle · 1584The Battle of Okitanawate was fought in 1584 near Shimabara in Hizen province, Kyushu.
- Battle of SuriageharaBattle · 1589The Battle of Suriagehara was fought in 1589 near Mount Bandai in northern Japan between Date Masamune and Ashina Yoshihiro.
Battle of Bhuchar MoriBattle · 1591The Battle of Bhuchar Mori was fought in 1591 near Dhrol in Saurashtra, Gujarat, between a Mughal army under Mirza Aziz Koka and the Kathiawar chiefs led by the Jam of…- Battle of TondibiBattle · 1591The Battle of Tondibi was fought on 12 March 1591 near the Niger River, where a Moroccan expeditionary force under Judar Pasha, armed with arquebuses and light cannon…
- Battle of Hansan IslandBattle · 1592The Battle of Hansan Island was fought on 14 August 1592 off the south coast of Korea during the Japanese invasion of Joseon.
Battle of Nong SaraiBattle · 1593The Battle of Nong Sarai was fought in early 1593 near Suphan Buri, where King Naresuan of Ayutthaya defeated a Burmese invasion army.- Battle of DantureBattle · 1594The Battle of Danture was fought in 1594 near Kandy in central Sri Lanka, where King Vimaladharmasuriya I of Kandy destroyed a Portuguese army under Pedro Lopes de…
Battle of MyeongnyangBattle · 1597The Battle of Myeongnyang was fought on 26 October 1597 in the Myeongnyang Strait off the south-western tip of Korea during the second Japanese invasion.- Battle of CuralabaBattle · 1598The Battle of Curalaba was fought on 23 December 1598 in southern Chile, when Mapuche warriors under Pelantaro ambushed and killed the Spanish governor Martín García…
Battle of NoryangBattle · 1598The Battle of Noryang was the last major battle of the Japanese invasions of Korea, fought on 16 December 1598 in the Noryang Strait off the south coast.
Battle of the Yellow FordBattle · 1598The Battle of the Yellow Ford was fought on 14 August 1598 on the Callan river near Armagh, where the Irish forces of Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, and Red Hugh…
Sieges 7
- Fall of Herat (1507)Siege · 1507The fall of Herat in 1507 was the capture of the last Timurid capital by the Uzbek leader Muhammad Shaybani Khan.
- Capture of GoaSiege · 1510The capture of Goa in 1510 was the conquest of the port city on the western coast of India by Portuguese forces under Afonso de Albuquerque.
Fall of TenochtitlanSiege · 1521The fall of Tenochtitlan was the capture of the Aztec capital in 1521 by Spanish forces under Hernán Cortés and their indigenous allies, after a long siege worsened by…- Siege of Belgrade (1521)Siege · 1521The Siege of Belgrade in 1521 was the capture of the Hungarian fortress city by the Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.
Sack of Rome (1527)Siege · 1527The Sack of Rome took place on 6 May 1527, when mutinous and unpaid troops of Emperor Charles V, including German Landsknechte and Spanish soldiers, stormed the city…- Siege of Vienna (1529)Siege · 1529The Siege of Vienna in 1529 was the first Ottoman attempt to capture the Habsburg capital, led by Suleiman the Magnificent.
Siege of Odawara (1590)Siege · 1590The Siege of Odawara of 1590 was Toyotomi Hideyoshi's campaign against the Later Hojo clan, whose refusal to submit was the last obstacle to his unification of Japan.
Wars & campaigns 43
- Muscovite–Lithuanian War (1500–1503)War · 1500–1503The Muscovite–Lithuanian War of 1500–1503 was fought between Ivan III of Moscow and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania under Alexander Jagiellon, after border princes changed…
Guelders WarsWar · 1502–1543The Guelders Wars were a series of conflicts from 1502 to 1543 between the Duchy of Guelders, led by Duke Charles of Egmond and supported by France, and the Habsburg…- War of the Landshut SuccessionWar · 1503–1505The War of the Landshut Succession was fought in 1503–1505 over the Duchy of Bavaria-Landshut.
- Portuguese–Mamluk naval warWar · 1505–1517The Portuguese–Mamluk naval war was fought from 1505 to 1517 in the Arabian Sea and western Indian Ocean between Portugal and the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt, allied with…
- War of the League of CambraiWar · 1508–1516The War of the League of Cambrai was fought from 1508 to 1516 during the Italian Wars.
Spanish conquest of Iberian NavarreWar · 1512–1524The Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre was the invasion of the Kingdom of Navarre south of the Pyrenees by Ferdinand II of Aragon, beginning in 1512.- Ottoman–Persian WarsWar · 1514–1823The Ottoman–Persian Wars were the conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the successive dynasties of Iran, from the Safavids to the Qajars, between 1514 and 1823.
Ottoman conquest of EgyptCampaign · 1517The Ottoman conquest of Egypt was the campaign of Sultan Selim I that ended Mamluk rule in 1517.- Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–1517)War · 1517The Ottoman–Mamluk War was a conflict between the Ottoman Empire and the Mamluk Sultanate in 1516–1517.
Hildesheim Diocesan FeudWar · 1519–1523The Hildesheim Diocesan Feud was a war from 1519 to 1523 between Bishop John IV of Hildesheim, allied with the Duke of Lüneburg, and the Guelph dukes of…- Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)War · 1519–1521The Polish–Teutonic War of 1519–1521 was fought between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Order under Grand Master Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach, who refused…
Spanish conquest of the Aztec EmpireCampaign · 1519–1521The Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire was the campaign led by Hernán Cortés from 1519 to 1521, in alliance with Indigenous peoples such as the Tlaxcalans.
Italian War of 1521–1526War · 1521–1526The Italian War of 1521–1526 was fought between Francis I of France and Emperor Charles V, allied with Henry VIII of England and the papacy, mainly over the Duchy of…
War of the League of CognacWar · 1526–1530The War of the League of Cognac was fought from 1526 to 1530 between Emperor Charles V and an alliance of France, Pope Clement VII, Venice, Florence and Milan formed to…
Ethiopian–Adal WarWar · 1527–1543The Ethiopian–Adal War was a conflict fought in 1527–1543 between the Adal Sultanate, led by Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, and the Christian Ethiopian Empire.
Sinhalese–Portuguese WarWar · 1527–1658The Sinhalese–Portuguese War was a long series of conflicts in Sri Lanka between the Portuguese and the Sinhalese kingdoms of Sitawaka and Kandy.
Wars of KappelWar · 1529–1531The Wars of Kappel were two religious wars between Reformed Zürich and the Catholic cantons of central Switzerland.
Ottoman–Safavid War (1532–1555)War · 1532–1555The Ottoman–Safavid War of 1532–1555 was fought between the Ottoman Empire of Suleiman the Magnificent and Safavid Persia under Tahmasp I.
Spanish conquest of the Inca EmpireCampaign · 1532–1535The Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire was the campaign led by Francisco Pizarro from 1532 to 1535.
Count's FeudWar · 1534–1536The Count's Feud was a Danish civil war of 1534 to 1536, named after Count Christopher of Oldenburg, who led Lübeck's forces in the name of the deposed King Christian II.
Arauco WarWar · 1536–1818The Arauco War was the long conflict between the Spanish and the Mapuche of south-central Chile.- Civil wars between the conquistadors in PeruWar · 1537–1554The civil wars between the conquistadors in Peru were fought from 1537 to 1554 among the Spanish conquerors of the Inca Empire and against royal authority.
Spanish conquest of the MuiscaWar · 1537–1540The Spanish conquest of the Muisca was the subjugation of the Muisca Confederation of the Colombian highlands by conquistadors led by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada from…
Third Ottoman–Venetian WarWar · 1537–1540The Third Ottoman–Venetian War was fought from 1537 to 1540 between the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire under Suleiman the Magnificent.
Mixtón WarWar · Revolt · 1540–1542The Mixtón War was a rising of the Caxcan and other indigenous peoples of north-western Mexico against Spanish rule in New Galicia from 1540 to 1542.
Schmalkaldic WarWar · 1546–1547The Schmalkaldic War of 1546–1547 was fought between Emperor Charles V and the Schmalkaldic League of Lutheran princes and cities in the Holy Roman Empire.
Chichimeca WarWar · c. 1550–1590The Chichimeca War was a long conflict between Spanish colonists and the nomadic and semi-nomadic peoples of northern Mexico known collectively as Chichimecas.
Italian War of 1551–1559War · 1551–1559The Italian War of 1551–1559 was the last of the Italian Wars, fought between Henry II of France and the Habsburgs, Charles V and then Philip II of Spain, with England…
War of ParmaWar · 1551–1552The War of Parma was fought in 1551–1552 between Pope Julius III and Emperor Charles V on one side and Ottavio Farnese, duke of Parma, backed by Henry II of France, on…
Second Margrave WarWar · 1552–1554The Second Margrave War was a conflict of 1552 to 1554 in Franconia, in which Margrave Albert Alcibiades of Brandenburg-Kulmbach plundered the bishoprics of Bamberg and…
Calchaquí WarsWar · Revolt · 1560–1667The Calchaquí Wars were a series of risings by the Diaguita peoples of the Calchaquí valleys in north-western Argentina against Spanish rule between 1560 and 1667.
Northern Seven Years' WarWar · 1563–1570The Northern Seven Years' War was fought from 1563 to 1570 between Sweden under Eric XIV and John III and an alliance of Denmark–Norway, Lübeck and Poland-Lithuania.
Russo-Turkish warsWar · 1568–1918The Russo-Turkish wars were a series of about a dozen wars between Russia and the Ottoman Empire from the sixteenth century to the First World War.
Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573)War · 1570–1573The Ottoman–Venetian War of 1570–1573 was fought between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice, allied with Spain and the papacy in the Holy League.
War of the Portuguese SuccessionWar · 1580–1583The War of the Portuguese Succession followed the death of the childless Cardinal-King Henry in 1580.
Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)War · 1585–1604The Anglo-Spanish War of 1585–1604 was an undeclared war between Elizabethan England and Habsburg Spain, provoked by English support for the Dutch Revolt and English…
Spanish ArmadaCampaign · 1588The Spanish Armada was the fleet sent by Philip II of Spain in 1588 to invade England.
Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595)War · 1590–1595The Russo-Swedish War of 1590–1595 was fought between the Tsardom of Russia under Feodor I, guided by Boris Godunov, and Sweden.- Moroccan invasion of SonghaiCampaign · 1591The Moroccan invasion of Songhai was the expedition sent across the Sahara in 1591 by Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur of Morocco under the command of Judar Pasha.
Imjin WarWar · 1592–1598The Imjin War was the invasion of Korea by Japan under Toyotomi Hideyoshi in 1592 and again in 1597.
Long Turkish WarWar · 1593–1606The Long Turkish War was fought from 1593 to 1606 between the Habsburg monarchy and the Ottoman Empire, mainly in Hungary, with Transylvania, Wallachia and Moldavia…
Nine Years' War (Ireland)War · Revolt · 1593–1603The Nine Years' War was a rebellion of Gaelic Irish lords against English rule, fought from 1593 to 1603.
Dutch–Portuguese WarWar · 1598–1663The Dutch–Portuguese War was a largely colonial conflict fought from 1598 to 1663 between the Dutch Republic and the Portuguese Empire, which shared its king with Spain…
Revolts & revolutions 9
Francisco Hernández GirónRevolt · c. 1510–1554Francisco Hernández Girón was a Spanish conquistador who in November 1553 led the last major rebellion of the encomenderos in Peru, provoked by royal measures to…
Poor ConradRevolt · 1514Poor Conrad (Armer Konrad) was a peasant and townsmen's revolt in the Duchy of Württemberg in 1514, provoked by Duke Ulrich's new taxes on food and his heavy debts.
Revolt of the BrotherhoodsRevolt · 1519–1523The Revolt of the Brotherhoods, or Germanies, was a rising of the craft guilds of Valencia and other towns of the kingdom against the nobility between 1519 and 1523.
Revolt of the ComunerosRevolt · 1520–1521The Revolt of the Comuneros was a rising of Castilian towns in 1520–1521 against the new king Charles I, his Flemish advisers and his tax demands after his election as…- Vijayabahu KollayaRevolt · 1521The Vijayabahu Kollaya, the "plunder of Vijayabahu", was a palace revolt in 1521 in the Kingdom of Kotte, Sri Lanka, in which three sons of King Vijayabahu VI killed…
German Peasants' WarRevolt · 1524–1525The German Peasants' War was a widespread rising of peasants and townspeople in southern and central Germany, Austria and Switzerland in 1524–1525.- Weinsberg massacreRevolt · 1525The Weinsberg massacre took place on 16 April 1525, during the German Peasants' War, when a rebel band from the Neckar valley and the Odenwald stormed the town and…
Great Maya RevoltRevolt · 1546–1547The Great Maya Revolt was a rising of the Maya of eastern Yucatán, led by the Cupul and joined by Sotuta and other provinces, against Spanish rule.
Desmond RebellionsRevolt · 1569–1583The Desmond Rebellions were two risings in Munster, in 1569 to 1573 and 1579 to 1583, led by the FitzGerald dynasty of Desmond and their allies against the expansion of…
Treaties 28
Treaty of TübingenTreaty · 1514The Treaty of Tübingen was an agreement of 8 July 1514 between Duke Ulrich of Württemberg and the estates of his duchy, made during the Poor Conrad revolt.
Treaty of KrakówTreaty · Peace · 1525The Treaty of Kraków of 8 April 1525 ended the Polish–Teutonic War of 1519–1521.
Treaty of Madrid (1526)Treaty · Peace · 14 January 1526The Treaty of Madrid was signed on 14 January 1526 by Francis I of France, then a prisoner of Emperor Charles V after his defeat at Pavia.
Peace of CambraiTreaty · Peace · 1529The Peace of Cambrai, called the Ladies' Peace, was signed on 3 August 1529 between Francis I of France and Emperor Charles V, negotiated by Louise of Savoy and…
Treaty of GrimnitzTreaty · 1529The Treaty of Grimnitz was concluded on 26 August 1529 at the Grimnitz hunting lodge between Elector Joachim I of Brandenburg and the dukes of Pomerania.- Second Peace of KappelTreaty · Peace · 1531The Second Peace of Kappel, concluded in November 1531 after Zürich's defeat at the Battle of Kappel, ended the second religious war of the Old Swiss Confederacy.
- Treaty of Nuremberg (1542)Treaty · 1542The Treaty of Nuremberg, concluded in August 1542 between Duke Antoine of Lorraine and Emperor Charles V, defined the duchy's relationship with the Holy Roman Empire.
Treaty of VenloTreaty · Peace · 1543The Treaty of Venlo was concluded on 7 September 1543 between Emperor Charles V and Duke William of Jülich-Cleves-Berg.
Capitulation of WittenbergTreaty · 1547The Capitulation of Wittenberg of 19 May 1547 was the settlement imposed by Emperor Charles V on the captive Elector John Frederick I of Saxony after the Battle of…- Peace of PassauTreaty · Peace · 1552The Peace of Passau was an agreement of August 1552 between King Ferdinand I, acting for Emperor Charles V, and the Protestant princes led by Maurice of Saxony, who had…
Treaty of ChambordTreaty · 1552The Treaty of Chambord was an alliance concluded in January 1552 between King Henry II of France and German Protestant princes led by Maurice of Saxony against Emperor…- Treaty of RiechenbergTreaty · 1552The Treaty of Riechenberg was the settlement of 1552 by which the imperial city of Goslar submitted to Duke Henry the Younger of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel after years of…
Peace of AmasyaTreaty · Peace · 1555The Peace of Amasya was the treaty concluded on 29 May 1555 between Suleiman the Magnificent and Shah Tahmasp I, ending the Ottoman–Safavid war of 1532–1555.
Peace of AugsburgTreaty · Peace · 1555The Peace of Augsburg was a settlement agreed in 1555 between Emperor Charles V's government and the Lutheran princes of the Holy Roman Empire.
Peace of Cateau-CambrésisTreaty · Peace · 1559The Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis consisted of treaties signed in April 1559 between France and England and between France and Spain, ending more than sixty years of…- Treaty of Edinburgh (1560)Treaty · Peace · 1560The Treaty of Edinburgh of 6 July 1560 was agreed between England and France after English forces helped the Scottish Protestant lords besiege the French garrison at…
Treaty of Vilnius (1561)Treaty · 1561The Treaty of Vilnius, or Pacta subiectionis, was concluded on 28 November 1561 between Sigismund II Augustus, king of Poland and grand duke of Lithuania, and the…
Union of LublinTreaty · 1569The Union of Lublin was the agreement of 1569 that transformed the personal union of Poland and Lithuania into a single state, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Treaty of Stettin (1570)Treaty · Peace · 1570The Treaty of Stettin, signed on 13 December 1570, ended the Northern Seven Years' War between Sweden and Denmark-Norway, allied with Lübeck.- Union of ArrasTreaty · 1579The Union of Arras was an agreement of 6 January 1579 by which the Catholic southern provinces of Artois and Hainaut, with the towns of Walloon Flanders, declared their…
- Union of UtrechtTreaty · 1579The Union of Utrecht was an alliance signed in January 1579 by the northern provinces of the Netherlands, led by Holland and Zeeland, to fight together against Spanish…
- TellumpoccoeTreaty · 1582The Tellumpoccoe ('three powers') was an alliance of the Bugis kingdoms of Bone, Wajo and Soppeng in South Sulawesi, sworn in 1582 at Timurung to resist the expansion…
Truce of Yam-ZapolskyTreaty · Peace · 1582The Truce of Yam-Zapolsky was signed on 15 January 1582 between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, ending their part in the Livonian War after Stephen…- Truce of PlussaTreaty · Peace · 1583The Truce of Plussa was signed in August 1583 on the Plyussa River between Sweden and Russia, ending the fighting between them in the Livonian War.
Treaty of NonsuchTreaty · 1585The Treaty of Nonsuch was signed on 10 August 1585 at Nonsuch Palace in Surrey between Elizabeth I of England and the Dutch rebels.
Treaty of TeusinaTreaty · Peace · 1595The Treaty of Teusina was signed on 18 May 1595 at Teusina, near Ivangorod, ending the Russo-Swedish War of 1590–1595.
Peace of VervinsTreaty · Peace · 1598The Peace of Vervins was signed on 2 May 1598 between Henry IV of France and Philip II of Spain, ending the war Spain had waged in support of the Catholic League.- Treaty of StadtilmTreaty · 1599The Treaty of Stadtilm of 1599 divided the lands of the counts of Schwarzburg in Thuringia between the brothers of the late Count Günther XLI.
