Conflicts and resolutions of the 19th century
511 battles, sieges, wars, revolts, crises, treaties and peace settlements, in date order.
Battles 165
Battle of HohenlindenBattle · 1800The Battle of Hohenlinden was fought on 3 December 1800 in Bavaria, east of Munich, between a French army under Jean Moreau and an Austrian and Bavarian army under…
Battle of MarengoBattle · 1800The Battle of Marengo was fought on 14 June 1800 near Alessandria in Piedmont between the French army of the First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte and an Austrian army under…
Battle of Copenhagen (1801)Battle · 1801The Battle of Copenhagen was fought on 2 April 1801 when a British fleet under Sir Hyde Parker, with Horatio Nelson leading the attack, engaged the Danish-Norwegian…
Battle of ArgaonBattle · 1803The Battle of Argaon was fought on 29 November 1803 in the Deccan between a British force under Arthur Wellesley, later Duke of Wellington, and the armies of Raghuji II…
Battle of AssayeBattle · 1803The Battle of Assaye was fought in 1803 in western India during the Second Anglo-Maratha War.
Battle of VertièresBattle · 1803The Battle of Vertières was fought on 18 November 1803 outside Cap-Français, when the Haitian revolutionary army under Jean-Jacques Dessalines, with François Capois…- Battle of Tabkin KwottoBattle · 1804The Battle of Tabkin Kwotto, fought in June 1804, was the first major victory of the followers of Usman dan Fodio over the army of Yunfa, ruler of Gobir.
Battle of AusterlitzBattle · 1805The Battle of Austerlitz was fought on 2 December 1805 near Austerlitz (Slavkov u Brna) in Moravia, during the War of the Third Coalition.
Battle of ElchingenBattle · 1805The Battle of Elchingen was fought on 14 October 1805 near Ulm in Swabia during the Ulm campaign of the War of the Third Coalition.- Battle of IvankovacBattle · 1805The Battle of Ivankovac was fought in August 1805 near Ćuprija in central Serbia between Serbian rebels led by Milenko Stojković and Petar Dobrnjac and an Ottoman army…
Battle of TrafalgarBattle · 1805The Battle of Trafalgar was a naval battle fought in 1805 off Cape Trafalgar in southwestern Spain, in which the British fleet under Admiral Nelson defeated the…
Battle of BlaauwbergBattle · 1806The Battle of Blaauwberg was fought on 8 January 1806 near Cape Town, when a British force under General David Baird defeated the Batavian garrison of Governor Jan…
Battle of Jena–AuerstedtBattle · 1806The twin battles of Jena and Auerstedt were fought on 14 October 1806 in Thuringia: Napoleon defeated part of the Prussian army at Jena, while Marshal Davout routed the…
Battle of MišarBattle · 1806The Battle of Mišar was fought in August 1806 near Šabac in western Serbia, where Serbian rebels under Karađorđe defeated a larger Ottoman army from Bosnia.- Battle of AlkalawaBattle · 1808The Battle of Alkalawa was the capture in 1808 of Alkalawa, the capital of the Hausa kingdom of Gobir, by the forces of Usman dan Fodio's jihad.
Battle of Palo HincadoBattle · 1808The Battle of Palo Hincado was fought on 7 November 1808 near El Seibo in the east of the colony of Santo Domingo.
Battle of Aspern-EsslingBattle · 1809The Battle of Aspern-Essling was fought on 21–22 May 1809 on the north bank of the Danube near Vienna, where Archduke Charles of Austria repulsed Napoleon's attempt to…
Battle of WagramBattle · 1809The Battle of Wagram was fought on 5–6 July 1809 on the Marchfeld plain north-east of Vienna between Napoleon and the Austrian army of Archduke Charles.- Battle of Calderón BridgeBattle · 1811The Battle of Calderón Bridge was fought on 17 January 1811 near Guadalajara during the Mexican War of Independence.
Battle of TippecanoeBattle · 1811The Battle of Tippecanoe was fought on 7 November 1811 near Prophetstown, in present-day Indiana, between United States forces under Governor William Henry Harrison and…- Battle of ShelaBattle · c. 1812The Battle of Shela was fought around 1812 or 1813 on the beach at Shela on Lamu Island, off the coast of present-day Kenya.
Battle of the BerezinaBattle · 1812The Battle of the Berezina, fought from 26 to 29 November 1812, was the crossing of the Berezina River in present-day Belarus by Napoleon's retreating Grande Armée…
Battle of HanauBattle · 1813The Battle of Hanau was fought on 30–31 October 1813 near Hanau in Hesse, where an Austro-Bavarian army under Karl Philipp von Wrede tried to cut off Napoleon's retreat…
Battle of LeipzigBattle · 1813The Battle of Leipzig, or Battle of the Nations, was fought on 16–19 October 1813 around Leipzig in Saxony.
Battle of the ThamesBattle · 1813The Battle of the Thames was fought on 5 October 1813 near Moraviantown in Upper Canada, now Ontario.
Battle of NalapaniBattle · Siege · 1814The Battle of Nalapani was the first major engagement of the Anglo-Nepalese War, fought in October and November 1814 at the hill fort of Khalanga (Kalunga) near Dehradun.
Battle of RancaguaBattle · 1814The Battle of Rancagua was fought on 1–2 October 1814 in the town of Rancagua, south of Santiago, between royalist troops sent from Peru under Mariano Osorio and…- Battle of UricaBattle · 1814The Battle of Urica was fought on 5 December 1814 in eastern Venezuela between royalist forces under José Tomás Boves and the last patriot army, led by José Félix Ribas.
- Second Battle of La PuertaBattle · 1814The Second Battle of La Puerta was fought on 15 June 1814 near San Juan de los Morros, Venezuela, between the patriot armies of Simón Bolívar and Santiago Mariño and…
- Battle of Fei PiBattle · 1815The Battle of Fei Pi was fought on Tahiti in November 1815 between Pōmare II, returning from exile on Moorea, and the chiefs opposed to him.
Battle of Quatre BrasBattle · 1815The Battle of Quatre Bras was fought on 16 June 1815 at a crossroads south of Brussels, two days before Waterloo.
Battle of TolentinoBattle · 2–3 May 1815The Battle of Tolentino was fought on 2–3 May 1815 near Tolentino in the Marche, Italy, between Joachim Murat's Neapolitan army and the Austrians.
Battle of Seven OaksBattle · 1816The Battle of Seven Oaks was a clash on 19 June 1816 near the Red River Colony, in present-day Winnipeg, Canada.
Battle of ChacabucoBattle · 1817The Battle of Chacabuco was fought on 12 February 1817 north of Santiago, Chile.
Battle of MahidpurBattle · 1817The Battle of Mahidpur was fought on 21 December 1817 near Mahidpur in Malwa, central India, between the army of the Holkar state of Indore and British forces under Sir…
Battle of SitabuldiBattle · 1817The Battle of Sitabuldi was fought on 26–27 November 1817 at Nagpur, when the forces of the Bhonsle ruler Appa Sahib attacked the British Residency and its small…- Battle of AmalindeBattle · 1818The Battle of Amalinde was fought in 1818 in what is now the Eastern Cape province of South Africa, between rival Xhosa forces.
Battle of Gqokli HillBattle · c. 1818The Battle of Gqokli Hill was fought around 1818 near the White Mfolozi river in present-day KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, between the Zulu under Shaka and the larger…
Battle of MaipúBattle · 1818The Battle of Maipú was fought on 5 April 1818 near Santiago, Chile.- Battle of NoukoumaBattle · 1818The Battle of Noukouma was fought in 1818 in the inner Niger delta of present-day Mali.
Second Battle of Cancha RayadaBattle · 1818The Second Battle of Cancha Rayada was fought on the night of 19 March 1818 near Talca, when royalist forces under Mariano Osorio surprised the camp of the patriot army…
Battle of BoyacáBattle · 1819The Battle of Boyacá was fought on 7 August 1819 near Tunja in present-day Colombia, where the patriot army of Simón Bolívar and Francisco de Paula Santander defeated a…- Battle of Cepeda (1820)Battle · 1820The Battle of Cepeda of 1 February 1820 was fought in the province of Buenos Aires between the federalist caudillos Francisco Ramírez of Entre Ríos and Estanislao López…
- Battle of TacuarembóBattle · 1820The Battle of Tacuarembó was fought on 22 January 1820 in the north of the Eastern Province, now Uruguay, when Portuguese forces under the Count of Figueira routed the…
Battle of CaraboboBattle · 1821The Battle of Carabobo was fought on 24 June 1821 south-west of Valencia, Venezuela.
Battle of BombonáBattle · 1822The Battle of Bomboná was fought on 7 April 1822 near Pasto in southern New Granada between Simón Bolívar's army and royalist forces under Colonel Basilio García.- Battle of PichinchaBattle · 1822The Battle of Pichincha was fought on 24 May 1822 on the slopes of the Pichincha volcano above Quito.
- Battle of DithakongBattle · 1823The Battle of Dithakong was fought in June 1823 near the Batlhaping town of Dithakong, in the north of present-day South Africa.
Battle of Lake MaracaiboBattle · 1823The Battle of Lake Maracaibo was a naval battle fought on 24 July 1823 on Lake Maracaibo in western Venezuela.- Battle of NowsheraBattle · 1823The Battle of Nowshera was fought in 1823 near the Kabul River in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent between the Sikh Empire under Ranjit Singh and Afghan forces.
Battle of AyacuchoBattle · 1824The Battle of Ayacucho was fought on 9 December 1824 in the Peruvian highlands, where a patriot army under Antonio José de Sucre defeated and captured the Spanish…
Battle of JunínBattle · 1824The Battle of Junín was a cavalry battle fought on 6 August 1824 on the high plain of Junín in the central Andes of Peru.
Battle of NsamankowBattle · 1824The Battle of Nsamankow was fought on 22 January 1824 in the Gold Coast, where an army of the Ashanti Empire annihilated a British expeditionary force under Governor…
Battle of DanubyuBattle · 1825The Battle of Danubyu was fought in March and April 1825 during the First Anglo-Burmese War, when a British force attacked the Burmese fortified position at Danubyu in…
Battle of TumuslaBattle · 1825The Battle of Tumusla was fought on 1 April 1825 in Upper Peru, present-day Bolivia, between the last royalist forces under Pedro Antonio Olañeta and troops who had…- Battle of KatamansuBattle · 1826The Battle of Katamansu was fought in 1826 near Accra between the Ashanti army and a coalition of coastal peoples supported by the British.
Battle of ItuzaingóBattle · 1827The Battle of Ituzaingó, called Passo do Rosário in Brazil, was fought on 20 February 1827 in Rio Grande do Sul between the army of the United Provinces of the Río de…- Battle of La TrinidadBattle · 1827The Battle of La Trinidad was fought on 11 November 1827 in Honduras during the civil war of the Federal Republic of Central America.
- Battle of GualchoBattle · 1828The Battle of Gualcho was fought in July 1828 in El Salvador during the civil war that divided the Federal Republic of Central America.
- Battle of La TabladaBattle · 1829The Battle of La Tablada was fought on 22 and 23 June 1829 near Córdoba, Argentina, between the Unitarian army of José María Paz and the Federalist caudillo Juan…
Battle of TarquiBattle · 1829The Battle of Tarqui was fought on 27 February 1829 at Portete de Tarqui near Cuenca in modern Ecuador.- Battle of LircayBattle · 1830The Battle of Lircay was fought on 17 April 1830 near Talca and ended the Chilean civil war of 1829–1830.
- Battle of OncativoBattle · 1830The Battle of Oncativo, also called Laguna Larga, was fought on 25 February 1830 in Córdoba Province, Argentina, where José María Paz's Unitarian army again defeated…
- Battle of La CiudadelaBattle · 1831The Battle of La Ciudadela was fought on 4 November 1831 near San Miguel de Tucumán in Argentina, where Juan Facundo Quiroga's Federalist army defeated the Unitarian…
Battle of GawakukeBattle · 1836The Battle of Gawakuke was fought in 1836 in northern Hausaland, where the forces of the Sokoto Caliphate under Sultan Muhammad Bello defeated a coalition of the Hausa…
Battle of San JacintoBattle · 1836The Battle of San Jacinto was fought on 21 April 1836 near present-day Houston and decided the Texas Revolution.
Battle of SeivalBattle · 1836The Battle of Seival was fought on 10 September 1836 near Bagé in Rio Grande do Sul, where rebel forces under Antônio de Sousa Neto defeated an imperial column.- Battle of VegkopBattle · 1836The Battle of Vegkop was fought on 16 October 1836 in the present-day Free State, South Africa, between Voortrekkers under Andries Potgieter and an Ndebele army sent by…
Battle of JamrudBattle · 1837The Battle of Jamrud was fought on 30 April 1837 at the fort of Jamrud, at the entrance to the Khyber Pass, between the Sikh Empire and an Afghan army sent by Dost…- Battle of MosegaBattle · 1837The Battle of Mosega was fought in January 1837 near present-day Zeerust in South Africa, when Voortrekkers under Hendrik Potgieter and Gert Maritz, with Griqua and…
Battle of Blood RiverBattle · 1838The Battle of Blood River was fought on 16 December 1838 on the Ncome River in Natal between about 470 Voortrekkers under Andries Pretorius and a much larger army of…
Battle of YungayBattle · 1839The Battle of Yungay was fought on 20 January 1839 in the Peruvian Andes, where a Chilean army under General Manuel Bulnes, joined by Peruvian exiles, defeated the…
Battle of IngaviBattle · 1841The Battle of Ingavi was fought on 18 November 1841 near Viacha, south-west of La Paz, between the Bolivian army under José Ballivián and an invading Peruvian army led…
Battle of CongellaBattle · 1842The Battle of Congella was fought on 23–24 May 1842 at Port Natal, present-day Durban, between Boers of the Natalia Republic and a British force under Captain Thomas…
Battle of Hyderabad (1843)Battle · 1843The Battle of Hyderabad, also called the Battle of Dubba, was fought on 24 March 1843 near Hyderabad in Sindh.- Battle of MaharajpurBattle · 1843The Battle of Maharajpur was fought on 29 December 1843 near Gwalior between a British army under Sir Hugh Gough and the forces of the Gwalior State.
Battle of MianiBattle · 1843The Battle of Miani was fought on 17 February 1843 near Hyderabad in Sindh, where a small British-Indian army under General Sir Charles Napier defeated the much larger…
Battle of IslyBattle · 1844The Battle of Isly was fought on 14 August 1844 near the Isly river, close to Oujda in eastern Morocco, between a French army under Marshal Thomas-Robert Bugeaud and a…- Battle of DargoBattle · 1845The Battle of Dargo was a Russian expedition in 1845 under Prince Mikhail Vorontsov against Imam Shamil's capital at Dargo in Chechnya.
Battle of AliwalBattle · 1846The Battle of Aliwal was fought on 28 January 1846 near the Sutlej River in Punjab during the First Anglo-Sikh War.
Battle of BaddowalBattle · 1846The Battle of Baddowal was an engagement on 21 January 1846 near Ludhiana in Punjab during the First Anglo-Sikh War.
Battle of BoomplaatsBattle · 1848The Battle of Boomplaats was fought on 29 August 1848 in the south of the present-day Free State of South Africa, between British troops under Sir Harry Smith and Boer…
Battle of Curtatone and MontanaraBattle · 1848The Battle of Curtatone and Montanara was fought on 29 May 1848 near Mantua, during the First Italian War of Independence.
Battle of Custoza (1848)Battle · 1848The Battle of Custoza was fought on 24–25 July 1848 near Verona during the First Italian War of Independence, between the Austrian army of Field Marshal Joseph Radetzky…- Battle of JagaragaBattle · 1848–1849The Battle of Jagaraga refers to the fighting at the fortified village of Jagaraga in the Balinese kingdom of Buleleng during the Dutch expeditions of 1848 and 1849.
Battle of Las CarrerasBattle · 1849The Battle of Las Carreras was fought in April 1849 near Baní in the Dominican Republic, where Dominican forces under Pedro Santana defeated the invading Haitian army…
Battle of IstedBattle · 24–25 July 1850The Battle of Isted, or Idstedt, was fought on 24–25 July 1850 near the town of Schleswig and was the largest battle of the First Schleswig War.- Battle of La AradaBattle · 1851The Battle of La Arada was fought on 2 February 1851 near Chiquimula in eastern Guatemala.
- Battle of ViervoetBattle · 1851The Battle of Viervoet was fought on 30 June 1851 near the Lesotho border between a force led by the British Resident Henry Warden and the Basotho of Moshoeshoe I.
Battle of BereaBattle · 1852The Battle of Berea was fought on 20 December 1852 on the Berea plateau in present-day Lesotho between British forces under Sir George Cathcart and the Basotho of…
Battle of CaserosBattle · 1852The Battle of Caseros was fought on 3 February 1852 near Buenos Aires between the army of Juan Manuel de Rosas and a coalition led by Justo José de Urquiza, governor of…- Battle of DeresgeBattle · 1855The Battle of Deresge was fought on 9 February 1855 in Semien, northern Ethiopia, where Kassa Hailu defeated Wube Haile Maryam, lord of Tigray and Semien.
Battle of SantoméBattle · 1855The Battle of Santomé was fought on 22 December 1855 near San Juan de la Maguana in the west of the Dominican Republic, when Dominican troops defeated an invading army…
Battle of the ChernayaBattle · 1855The Battle of the Chernaya was fought on 16 August 1855 on the Chernaya river near Sevastopol during the Crimean War.- Battle of NdondakusukaBattle · 1856The Battle of Ndondakusuka was fought on 2 December 1856 near the Thukela River between two sons of the Zulu king Mpande competing for the succession.
Battle of Sabana LargaBattle · 1856The Battle of Sabana Larga was fought on 24 January 1856 near Dajabón in the north-west of the Dominican Republic.
Battle of GrahovacBattle · 1858The Battle of Grahovac was fought in May 1858 at Grahovac in western Montenegro, where Montenegrin forces under Grand Duke Mirko Petrović-Njegoš defeated an Ottoman army.- Battle of Cepeda (1859)Battle · 1859The Battle of Cepeda was fought on 23 October 1859 in Buenos Aires province between the army of the Argentine Confederation under Justo José de Urquiza and the forces…
Battle of MagentaBattle · 1859The Battle of Magenta was fought on 4 June 1859 near Magenta in Lombardy, in the Second Italian War of Independence.
Battle of SolferinoBattle · 1859The Battle of Solferino was fought on 24 June 1859 in Lombardy between the French and Sardinian armies under Napoleon III and Victor Emmanuel II and the Austrian army…
Battle of CastelfidardoBattle · 1860The Battle of Castelfidardo was fought on 18 September 1860 near Ancona between the army of the Kingdom of Sardinia under Enrico Cialdini and the papal army under the…
Battle of Fort SumterBattle · 1861The Battle of Fort Sumter, on 12–13 April 1861, opened the American Civil War, when Confederate batteries bombarded the federal fort in the harbour of Charleston, South…
Battle of Kỳ HòaBattle · 1861The Battle of Kỳ Hòa was fought on 24–25 February 1861 near Saigon, when a French force under Admiral Léonard Charner stormed the Vietnamese fortified lines commanded…
Battle of PavónBattle · 1861The Battle of Pavón was fought on 17 September 1861 in Santa Fe province between the forces of the State of Buenos Aires under Bartolomé Mitre and those of the…
Battle of PueblaBattle · 5 May 1862The Battle of Puebla was fought on 5 May 1862 during the French intervention in Mexico, when Mexican troops under General Ignacio Zaragoza repulsed a French assault on…
Battle of GettysburgBattle · 1863The Battle of Gettysburg, fought in Pennsylvania on 1–3 July 1863, was the largest battle of the American Civil War.
Battle of RangiririBattle · 1863The Battle of Rangiriri was fought on 20–21 November 1863 in the Waikato, New Zealand, during the British invasion of the Waikato.
Battle of DybbølBattle · 1864The Battle of Dybbøl was the decisive engagement of the Second Schleswig War.
Battle of ŌrākauBattle · 1864The Battle of Ōrākau was fought from 31 March to 2 April 1864 in the Waikato, New Zealand, the last major battle of the British invasion of the Waikato.
Battle of Appomattox Court HouseBattle · 1865The Battle of Appomattox Court House, fought in Virginia on 9 April 1865, was the last engagement of Robert E.
Battle of CallaoBattle · 1866The Battle of Callao was fought on 2 May 1866 between a Spanish naval squadron under Casto Méndez Núñez and the coastal fortifications of Callao, Peru's main port…
Battle of CurupaytyBattle · 1866The Battle of Curupayty was fought on 22 September 1866 in southern Paraguay, when allied Argentine and Brazilian troops under Bartolomé Mitre assaulted Paraguayan…
Battle of Custoza (1866)Battle · 1866The Battle of Custoza was fought on 24 June 1866 near Verona during the Third Italian War of Independence, part of the Austro-Prussian War.
Battle of KissingenBattle · 1866The Battle of Kissingen was fought on 10 July 1866 at Bad Kissingen in Lower Franconia during the Austro-Prussian War.
Battle of KöniggrätzBattle · 1866The Battle of Königgrätz, or Sadowa, was fought on 3 July 1866 near Hradec Králové in Bohemia and was the decisive battle of the Austro-Prussian War.
Battle of Langensalza (1866)Battle · 1866The Battle of Langensalza was fought on 27 June 1866 in Thuringia during the Austro-Prussian War.
Battle of LaufachBattle · 1866The Battle of Laufach was fought on 13 July 1866 at Laufach and Frohnhofen in the Spessart hills of Lower Franconia during the Main campaign of the Austro-Prussian War.
Battle of Lissa (1866)Battle · 1866The Battle of Lissa was fought on 20 July 1866 off the island of Vis (Lissa) in the Adriatic during the Third Italian War of Independence.
Battle of TauberbischofsheimBattle · 1866The Battle of Tauberbischofsheim was fought on 24 July 1866 during the Austro-Prussian War, when Prussian troops of the Army of the Main defeated the Württemberg…
Battle of Fandane-ThiouthiouneBattle · 1867The Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune, also called the Battle of Somb, was fought on 18 July 1867 in the kingdom of Sine in present-day Senegal.
Battle of MentanaBattle · 1867The Battle of Mentana was fought on 3 November 1867 near Mentana, north-east of Rome, between the volunteers of Giuseppe Garibaldi, who were trying to seize Rome, and…
Battle of Toba–FushimiBattle · 1868The Battle of Toba–Fushimi, fought from 27 to 31 January 1868 south of Kyoto, opened the Boshin War in Japan.
Battle of GravelotteBattle · 1870The Battle of Gravelotte, also called Gravelotte–St.
Battle of Sedan (1870)Battle · 1870The Battle of Sedan was fought on 1–2 September 1870 in the Franco-Prussian War.
Battle of WörthBattle · 1870The Battle of Wörth, or Frœschwiller-Wœrth, was fought on 6 August 1870 in northern Alsace in the opening weeks of the Franco-Prussian War.- Battle of San Carlos (1872)Battle · 1872The Battle of San Carlos was fought on 8 March 1872 near the fort of San Carlos, in present-day San Carlos de Bolívar, Buenos Aires Province.
Battle of AmoafulBattle · 1874The Battle of Amoaful was fought on 31 January 1874 in the forest south of Kumasi, when a British expedition under Sir Garnet Wolseley defeated a large Asante army.- Battle of ManawashiBattle · 1874The Battle of Manawashi was fought in 1874 in Darfur, where the forces of the Sudanese slave-trading warlord al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur, operating with tacit Egyptian…
Battle of OrdashuBattle · 1874The Battle of Ordashu was fought on 4 February 1874 a few miles south of Kumasi, the last engagement of Sir Garnet Wolseley's expedition against the Asante.
Battle of the Little BighornBattle · 1876The Battle of the Little Bighorn was fought on 25–26 June 1876 near the Little Bighorn River in Montana.
Battle of AngamosBattle · 1879The Battle of Angamos was a naval battle fought on 8 October 1879 off the coast of Antofagasta during the War of the Pacific.
Battle of GingindlovuBattle · 1879The Battle of Gingindlovu was fought on 2 April 1879 during the Anglo-Zulu War, when a British relief column under Lord Chelmsford, formed in an entrenched square…
Battle of IquiqueBattle · 1879The Battle of Iquique was a naval battle fought on 21 May 1879 off the port of Iquique during the War of the Pacific.
Battle of IsandlwanaBattle · 1879The Battle of Isandlwana was fought on 22 January 1879, at the start of the Anglo-Zulu War, when some 20,000 Zulu warriors overran the camp of Lord Chelmsford's centre…
Battle of KambulaBattle · 1879The Battle of Kambula was fought on 29 March 1879 during the Anglo-Zulu War, when a British column under Colonel Evelyn Wood, defending a fortified camp in…
Battle of Rorke's DriftBattle · 1879The Battle of Rorke's Drift was fought on 22–23 January 1879 during the Anglo-Zulu War, when about 150 British soldiers defended a mission station on the Buffalo River…
Battle of UlundiBattle · 1879The Battle of Ulundi, fought on 4 July 1879, was the last major battle of the Anglo-Zulu War.
Battle of TacnaBattle · 1880The Battle of Tacna, or of the Alto de la Alianza, was fought on 26 May 1880 near Tacna in southern Peru during the War of the Pacific.
Battle of Geok TepeBattle · Siege · 1881The Battle of Geok Tepe was the Russian siege and storming of the Teke Turkmen fortress of Geok Tepe, near present-day Ashgabat, by General Mikhail Skobelev in December…
Battle of Laing's NekBattle · 1881The Battle of Laing's Nek was fought on 28 January 1881 at a pass in the Drakensberg on the border between Natal and the Transvaal, during the First Boer War.
Battle of Majuba HillBattle · 1881The Battle of Majuba Hill, fought on 27 February 1881, was the decisive engagement of the First Boer War.
Battle of EmbaboBattle · 1882The Battle of Embabo was fought on 6 June 1882 in western Ethiopia between King Menelik of Shewa and King Tekle Haymanot of Gojjam, rivals for the Oromo lands south of…
Battle of ShaykanBattle · 1883The Battle of Shaykan was fought on 3–5 November 1883 in the forest of Shaykan near El Obeid in Kordofan, Sudan.
Battle of BatocheBattle · 1885The Battle of Batoche, fought on 9–12 May 1885 in present-day Saskatchewan, was the decisive battle of the North-West Rebellion.
Battle of ChalchuapaBattle · 1885The Battle of Chalchuapa was fought on 2 April 1885 near the town of Chalchuapa in western El Salvador.
Battle of Duck LakeBattle · 26 March 1885The Battle of Duck Lake was fought on 26 March 1885 near Duck Lake in present-day Saskatchewan, where Métis and First Nations fighters under Gabriel Dumont defeated a…
Battle of SlivnitsaBattle · 1885The Battle of Slivnitsa was fought from 17 to 19 November 1885 near the town of Slivnitsa, west of Sofia, during the Serbo-Bulgarian War.- Battle of DékheléBattle · 1886The Battle of Dékhelé was fought on 26 October 1886 in Cayor, in present-day Senegal, between French colonial troops and the followers of Lat Dior Diop, the former…
Battle of ChelenqoBattle · 1887The Battle of Chelenqo was fought on 6 January 1887 in eastern Ethiopia between the army of Menelik II, then king of Shewa, and the forces of Emir Abdullahi of Harar.
Battle of DogaliBattle · 1887The Battle of Dogali was fought on 26 January 1887 near Massawa, on the Red Sea coast of Eritrea, when an Ethiopian army under Ras Alula destroyed an Italian column of…
Battle of GallabatBattle · 1889The Battle of Gallabat, or Metemma, was fought on 9–10 March 1889 on the Sudan–Ethiopia border between the Ethiopian emperor Yohannes IV and the army of the Mahdist…- Battle of ToskiBattle · 1889The Battle of Toski was fought on 3 August 1889 near Toshki on the Nile in southern Egypt.
- Battle of LugaloBattle · 1891The Battle of Lugalo was fought on 17 August 1891 near Iringa in present-day Tanzania, when Hehe warriors of Mkwawa ambushed a German column under Emil von Zelewski.
Battle of MulaydaBattle · 1891The Battle of Mulayda was fought in January 1891 in the Qassim region of central Arabia.- Battle of ImagbonBattle · 1892The Battle of Imagbon was fought in May 1892 between a British expeditionary force from Lagos and the army of the Ijebu Kingdom in south-western Nigeria.
- Battle of MengoBattle · 1892The Battle of Mengo was fought in Kampala on 24 January 1892 between the Protestant and Catholic factions of Buganda.
- Battle of Al WajbahBattle · 1893The Battle of Al Wajbah was fought in March 1893 near Doha between Qatari forces under Jassim bin Muhammad Al Thani and an Ottoman expedition led by the governor of…
Paknam incidentBattle · 1893The Paknam incident was a naval clash on 13 July 1893, when two French gunboats forced their way past the Siamese forts at Paknam, at the mouth of the Chao Phraya…- Battle of AdiboBattle · 1896The Battle of Adibo was fought in 1896 near Yendi, in what is now northern Ghana, between German colonial forces advancing from Togo and the army of the Dagomba kingdom…
Battle of AdwaBattle · 1896The Battle of Adwa was fought in 1896 in northern Ethiopia between the forces of Emperor Menelik II and an invading Italian army.- Battle of ShangiBattle · 1896The Battle of Shangi was fought in 1896 in south-western Rwanda, near Lake Kivu, when a Rwandan army attacked a post set up by the Congo Free State.
Battle of Manila BayBattle · 1898The Battle of Manila Bay was fought on 1 May 1898, at the start of the Spanish–American War, when the US Asiatic Squadron under Commodore George Dewey destroyed the…
Battle of Santiago de CubaBattle · 1898The Battle of Santiago de Cuba was a naval battle fought on 3 July 1898 during the Spanish–American War.
Battle of MagersfonteinBattle · 1899The Battle of Magersfontein was fought on 11 December 1899 near Kimberley, in the Second Boer War, when Boer forces under Piet Cronjé and Koos de la Rey, dug into…- Battle of Umm DiwaykaratBattle · 1899The Battle of Umm Diwaykarat was fought on 24 November 1899 in Kordofan, Sudan, and ended the Mahdist State.
Sieges 4
- Siege of Multan (1818)Siege · 1818The Siege of Multan in 1818 was the capture of the city of Multan from its Afghan governor by the forces of Ranjit Singh.
- Siege of AkhulgoSiege · 1839The siege of Akhulgo was a Russian siege of Imam Shamil's mountain fortress in Dagestan in the summer of 1839.
Siege of VicksburgSiege · 1863The Siege of Vicksburg, from May to 4 July 1863, ended with the surrender of the Confederate fortress on the Mississippi River in Mississippi to Union forces under…- Battle of KansalaSiege · 1867The Battle of Kansala was the siege of Kansala, capital of the Kaabu Empire, in 1867 by Fula forces from Futa Jallon and allies.
Wars & campaigns 155
Napoleonic WarsWar · 1803–1815The Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars between Napoleon's France and shifting coalitions of European powers from 1803 to 1815.
Padri WarWar · 1803–1837The Padri War was a conflict in West Sumatra from 1803 to 1837.- Second Anglo-Maratha WarWar · 1803–1805The Second Anglo-Maratha War was fought between the British East India Company and the Maratha chiefs Scindia of Gwalior, Bhonsle of Nagpur and later Holkar of Indore.
First Serbian UprisingWar · Revolt · 1804–1813The First Serbian Uprising was the revolt of the Serbs of the Sanjak of Smederevo against Ottoman rule from 1804 to 1813.
Fulani WarWar · 1804–1810The Fulani War, or Fulani jihad, of 1804–1810 was the Islamic reform movement led by Usman dan Fodio against the Hausa kingdoms.
Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)War · 1804–1813The Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813 was fought between Qajar Iran and the Russian Empire over the Caucasus after Russia annexed eastern Georgia.
War of the Third CoalitionWar · 1805The War of the Third Coalition (1805) was fought by Napoleonic France and its allies against Britain, Austria, Russia, Sweden and Naples.
Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)War · 1806–1812The Russo-Turkish War of 1806–1812 was fought between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, mainly in the Danubian principalities.
War of the Fourth CoalitionWar · 1806–1807The War of the Fourth Coalition (1806–1807) was fought by Napoleonic France against Prussia, Russia, Saxony, Sweden and Britain.
Finnish WarWar · 1808–1809The Finnish War was fought from 1808 to 1809 between Sweden and the Russian Empire, which invaded Finland after Sweden refused to join Napoleon's Continental System.
Peninsular WarWar · 1808The Peninsular War was the conflict fought in Spain and Portugal against Napoleonic France, beginning in 1808.
Spanish American wars of independenceWar · 1808–1826The Spanish American wars of independence were the conflicts from 1808 to 1826 in which most of Spain's American colonies won independence.
Spanish reconquest of Santo DomingoWar · 1808–1809The Spanish reconquest of Santo Domingo was the campaign of 1808–1809 in which Dominican creoles led by Juan Sánchez Ramírez, with British naval help, drove the French…
Peruvian War of IndependenceWar · 1809–1826The Peruvian War of Independence ended Spanish rule in Peru, the stronghold of royalist power in South America.
War of the Fifth CoalitionWar · 1809The War of the Fifth Coalition was fought in 1809 between Napoleonic France and its allies and Austria, supported by Britain.
Chilean War of IndependenceWar · 1810–1826The Chilean War of Independence was the struggle of Chilean patriots against Spanish royalist rule, from the first national junta of 1810 to the capture of Chiloé in…
Mexican War of IndependenceWar · 1810–1821The Mexican War of Independence was the armed conflict of 1810–1821 that ended Spanish rule in New Spain.
Tecumseh's WarWar · 1810–1813Tecumseh's War was the conflict between the United States and a confederacy of Native American nations led by the Shawnee leader Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa…
Venezuelan War of IndependenceWar · 1810–1823The Venezuelan War of Independence was the struggle of 1810–1823 in which Venezuelan patriots, led above all by Simón Bolívar, fought Spanish royalist forces.
French invasion of RussiaCampaign · 1812The French invasion of Russia was Napoleon's campaign of 1812, known in Russia as the Patriotic War.
Pemmican WarWar · 1812–1821The Pemmican War was a conflict between the North West Company and the Hudson's Bay Company's Red River Colony in present-day Manitoba.
War of 1812War · 1812–1815The War of 1812 was fought from 1812 to 1815 between the United States and the United Kingdom, with Britain's Canadian colonies and Native American allies.
Admirable CampaignCampaign · 1813The Admirable Campaign was Simón Bolívar's military campaign of 1813 in which he advanced from New Granada across the Andes into western Venezuela and drove back the…
Creek WarWar · 1813–1814The Creek War of 1813 to 1814 began as a civil war among the Muscogee between the Red Sticks, who resisted American expansion, and those friendly to the United States.
War of the Sixth CoalitionWar · 1813–1814The War of the Sixth Coalition (1813–1814) was fought, after Napoleon's disastrous invasion of Russia, by Russia, Prussia, Austria, Britain, Sweden and other states…
Anglo-Nepalese WarWar · 1814–1816The Anglo-Nepalese War was fought between the East India Company and the Kingdom of Nepal.
Argentine Civil WarsWar · 1814–1880The Argentine Civil Wars were the series of conflicts fought from 1814 to 1880 between the Unitarians, who wanted a centralised state led by Buenos Aires, and the…
Swedish–Norwegian WarWar · 1814The Swedish–Norwegian War was a short war in July and August 1814 between Sweden and Norway, which had declared independence after the Treaty of Kiel transferred it…
Neapolitan WarWar · 1815The Neapolitan War was fought in 1815 between the Kingdom of Naples under Joachim Murat and the Austrian Empire.
War of the Seventh CoalitionWar · 1815The War of the Seventh Coalition was the final campaign of the Napoleonic Wars, fought in 1815 after Napoleon escaped from Elba and retook power in France during the…
Portuguese conquest of the Banda OrientalWar · 1816–1820The Portuguese conquest of the Banda Oriental was the war of 1816–1820 in which the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves invaded the territory east of…
Caucasian WarWar · 1817–1864The Caucasian War was the Russian Empire's long conquest of the North Caucasus, from 1817 to 1864.
First Seminole WarWar · 1817–1818The First Seminole War was a conflict of 1817 to 1818 in which American forces under Andrew Jackson invaded Spanish Florida against the Seminole and Black Seminoles.
Ndwandwe–Zulu WarWar · 1817–1819The Ndwandwe–Zulu War was fought between the Ndwandwe under Zwide and the rising Zulu kingdom of Shaka in what is now KwaZulu-Natal.
Third Anglo-Maratha WarWar · 1817–1818The Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1818) was the final conflict between the British East India Company and the Maratha Confederacy.- Massina JihadWar · 1818The Massina jihad was a reformist Islamic movement led by Seku Amadu in the inner Niger delta, beginning in 1818.
Sikh conquest of KashmirCampaign · 1819The Sikh conquest of Kashmir took place in 1819, when the forces of Ranjit Singh took the valley from its Afghan rulers.
Black WarWar · 1820s–1832The Black War was a period of violent conflict between British colonists and Aboriginal Tasmanians in Van Diemen's Land from the mid-1820s to about 1832.
Ecuadorian War of IndependenceWar · 1820–1822The Ecuadorian War of Independence was fought between 1820 and 1822 to free the Royal Audience of Quito from Spanish rule.
Liberating Expedition of PeruCampaign · 1820–1821The Liberating Expedition of Peru was the military campaign led by José de San Martín from Chile against the royalist stronghold of Peru.- Egyptian conquest of KordofanCampaign · 1821The Egyptian conquest of Kordofan in 1821 was part of the expansion of Muhammad Ali's Egypt into Sudan.
Anglo-Ashanti WarsWar · 1824–1901The Anglo-Ashanti Wars were a series of conflicts between the Ashanti Empire and the British between 1824 and 1901.
Anglo-Burmese WarsWar · 1824–1885The Anglo-Burmese Wars were three wars fought between British India and the Konbaung kingdom of Burma in the nineteenth century.
First Anglo-Burmese WarWar · 1824–1826The First Anglo-Burmese War was fought between the British East India Company and the Konbaung kingdom of Burma, which had conquered Arakan, Assam and Manipur and…
Java WarWar · Revolt · 1825–1830The Java War was a rebellion in central Java from 1825 to 1830 led by Prince Diponegoro of Yogyakarta against Dutch colonial rule and the Javanese courts that…- Central American Civil WarWar · 1826–1829The Central American Civil War was fought from 1826 to 1829 within the Federal Republic of Central America between conservatives, led by President Manuel José Arce, and…
Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)War · 1826–1828The Russo-Persian War of 1826–1828 began when Qajar Iran, led by Crown Prince Abbas Mirza, attacked Russian-held territory in the South Caucasus to recover lands lost…
Gran Colombia–Peru WarWar · 1828–1829The Gran Colombia–Peru War was fought in 1828–1829 between Gran Colombia and Peru over the border provinces of Jaén and Maynas and Peruvian resentment of Bolívar's…
Liberal WarsWar · 1828–1834The Liberal Wars were a civil war in Portugal from 1828 to 1834 between liberal constitutionalists supporting the young Queen Maria II and absolutists led by her uncle…
Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)War · 1828–1829The Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829 was fought between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, provoked partly by the Greek War of Independence.
Chilean Civil War of 1829–1830War · 1829–1830The Chilean Civil War of 1829–1830 was fought between the liberals, known as pipiolos, and the conservatives, known as pelucones, after disputed elections in 1829.
French conquest of AlgeriaWar · 1830–1903The French conquest of Algeria began with the capture of Algiers from its Ottoman-era regency in 1830 and continued for decades.
French invasion of AlgiersCampaign · 1830The French invasion of Algiers took place in 1830, when a French expedition captured the city and overthrew the Ottoman-era regency.
Greek War of IndependenceWar · Revolt · 1830The Greek War of Independence was a revolt by Greeks against Ottoman rule in the 1820s, which ended with international recognition of an independent Greek state in 1830.- Barra WarWar · 1831–1832The Barra War was a conflict in 1831–32 between the British colony at Bathurst (Banjul) and the Mandinka kingdom of Niumi, also called Barra, on the north bank of the…
Ten Days' CampaignCampaign · 1831The Ten Days' Campaign was the Dutch invasion of Belgium in August 1831, an attempt by King William I of the Netherlands to reverse the Belgian Revolution.- Carlist WarsWar · 1833–1876The Carlist Wars were civil wars fought in Spain in the 19th century between supporters of Isabella II and her successors and the Carlists, who backed the claims of her…
First Carlist WarWar · 1833–1840The First Carlist War (1833–1840) was a Spanish civil war over the succession to Ferdinand VII.
Ragamuffin WarWar · Revolt · 1835–1845The Ragamuffin War, or Farroupilha, was a republican and separatist revolt in the southern Brazilian province of Rio Grande do Sul, lasting from 1835 to 1845.
Second Seminole WarWar · 1835–1842The Second Seminole War was fought from 1835 to 1842 between the United States and the Seminole of Florida, who resisted removal to Indian Territory.
Texas RevolutionRevolution · War · 1835–1836The Texas Revolution was the rebellion of American settlers and some Tejanos in the Mexican province of Texas against the centralist government of Antonio López de…- War of the LeagueWar · 1835The War of the League was a brief civil war in Costa Rica in September and October 1835.
War of the ConfederationWar · 1836–1839The War of the Confederation was fought from 1836 to 1839 by Chile, with Peruvian exiles and Argentine support, against the Peru–Bolivian Confederation created by the…
Pastry WarWar · 1838–1839The Pastry War was the first French intervention in Mexico, in 1838–1839.
First Anglo-Afghan WarWar · 1839–1842The First Anglo-Afghan War was fought between the British East India Company and Afghanistan.
First Opium WarWar · 1839–1842The First Opium War was fought in 1839–1842 between Britain and the Qing Empire, after Chinese efforts to suppress the opium trade.
Russian conquest of Central AsiaWar · 1839–1895The Russian conquest of Central Asia was the gradual annexation of the Kazakh steppe and the khanates of Kokand, Bukhara and Khiva by the Russian Empire in the…
Uruguayan Civil WarWar · 1839–1851The Uruguayan Civil War, known as the Guerra Grande, was fought from 1839 to 1851 between the Colorados of Fructuoso Rivera and the Blancos of Manuel Oribe.
War of the SupremesWar · 1839–1842The War of the Supremes was a civil war in the Republic of New Granada, present-day Colombia and Panama, from 1839 to 1842.
Gwalior campaignCampaign · 1843The Gwalior campaign was a short war in December 1843 between the British East India Company and the Maratha state of Gwalior under the Scindia dynasty, provoked by a…
Dominican War of IndependenceWar · 1844–1856The Dominican War of Independence was the war by which the Dominican Republic won its independence from Haiti, which had ruled the whole of Hispaniola since 1822.
Franco-Moroccan WarWar · 1844The Franco-Moroccan War was fought in 1844 between France and the Sultanate of Morocco, which had given refuge and support to the Algerian resistance leader Abd al-Qadir.
Franco-Tahitian WarWar · 1844–1847The Franco-Tahitian War was fought between France and Tahitians loyal to Queen Pōmare IV after Admiral Dupetit-Thouars imposed a French protectorate in 1842 and then…
First Anglo-Sikh WarWar · 1845–1846The First Anglo-Sikh War was fought in 1845–1846 between the Sikh Empire and the British East India Company.
Mexican–American WarWar · 1846–1848The Mexican–American War was fought between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848, following the American annexation of Texas and a border dispute.- Caste War of YucatánWar · Revolt · 1847–1901The Caste War of Yucatán was a long uprising of the Maya against the Hispanic and mestizo elites of the Yucatán Peninsula.
- Cayuse WarWar · 1847–1855The Cayuse War was a conflict from 1847 to 1855 between the Cayuse people and American settlers in the Oregon Country.
Sonderbund WarWar · 1847The Sonderbund War was a brief civil war in Switzerland in November 1847, in which the federal army under General Guillaume-Henri Dufour defeated the Sonderbund, a…
First Italian War of IndependenceWar · 1848–1849The First Italian War of Independence was fought in 1848–1849 by the Kingdom of Sardinia under Charles Albert, with volunteers from other Italian states, against the…
First Schleswig WarWar · 1848–1851The First Schleswig War was fought from 1848 to 1851 between Denmark and the Schleswig-Holstein rebels, supported by Prussia and the German Confederation, over the…
Second Anglo-Sikh WarWar · 1848–1849The Second Anglo-Sikh War was fought in 1848–1849 between the Sikh Empire and the British East India Company.
Taiping RebellionRevolt · War · 1850–1864The Taiping Rebellion was a massive civil war in China between 1850 and 1864, led by Hong Xiuquan, who proclaimed a Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace inspired by his own…
Platine WarWar · 1851–1852The Platine War was fought in 1851–1852 between the Argentine Confederation under Juan Manuel de Rosas and an alliance of the Empire of Brazil, Uruguay and the…
Second Anglo-Burmese WarWar · 1852–1853The Second Anglo-Burmese War was fought in 1852–1853 between Britain and the Konbaung kingdom of Burma.
Crimean WarWar · 1853–1856The Crimean War was fought from 1853 to 1856 between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, Britain, France and Sardinia.
Anglo-Persian WarWar · 1856–1857The Anglo-Persian War was fought between Britain and Qajar Persia from November 1856 to April 1857, after Persia occupied Herat in Afghanistan.
Cochinchina campaignWar · 1858–1862The Cochinchina campaign was a war fought from 1858 to 1862 by France and Spain against the Nguyễn dynasty of Vietnam.- Fraser Canyon WarWar · 1858The Fraser Canyon War was a conflict in August 1858 between gold miners of the Fraser River gold rush, many of them Americans, and the Nlaka'pamux people of the Fraser…
Free State–Basotho WarsWar · 1858–1868The Free State–Basotho Wars were a series of wars between the Orange Free State and the Basotho kingdom of Moshoeshoe I, fought in 1858 and from 1865 to 1868 over the…
Banjarmasin WarWar · 1859–1905The Banjarmasin War was a conflict in southern Borneo between the Dutch colonial government and supporters of the Banjar Sultanate, beginning in 1859 after the Dutch…
Federal WarWar · 1859–1863The Federal War was a civil war in Venezuela from 1859 to 1863 between the Conservatives and the Liberals, who demanded a federal system.- Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–1860)War · 1859–1860The Hispano-Moroccan War was fought between Spain and Morocco from October 1859 to April 1860, after attacks on the Spanish enclave of Ceuta.
Second Italian War of IndependenceWar · 1859The Second Italian War of Independence was fought in 1859 by France and the Kingdom of Sardinia against the Austrian Empire.
Expedition of the ThousandCampaign · 1860The Expedition of the Thousand was the campaign led by Giuseppe Garibaldi in 1860, in which about a thousand volunteers in red shirts sailed from near Genoa and landed…
American Civil WarWar · 1861–1865The American Civil War was fought between the United States and the eleven southern states that seceded as the Confederacy to defend slavery.
Occupation of AraucaníaCampaign · 1861–1883The Occupation of Araucanía was the Chilean military campaign and settlement that brought the independent Mapuche lands south of the Biobío river under Chilean rule…
Second French intervention in MexicoWar · 1861–1867The second French intervention in Mexico was the invasion of Mexico by France from 1861 to 1867, launched under Napoleon III after Benito Juárez suspended payment of…
Dominican Restoration WarWar · 1863–1865The Dominican Restoration War was a guerrilla war fought from 1863 to 1865 against Spain's reannexation of the Dominican Republic.
Invasion of the WaikatoCampaign · 1863–1864The Invasion of the Waikato was the largest campaign of the New Zealand Wars, fought in 1863–1864 by British and colonial forces against the Māori King Movement in the…
Chincha Islands WarWar · 1864–1866The Chincha Islands War was a conflict between Spain and its former colonies Peru and Chile, later joined by Ecuador and Bolivia, from 1864 to 1866.
Paraguayan WarWar · 1864–1870The Paraguayan War, fought from 1864 to 1870, was a conflict between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay.
Second Schleswig WarWar · 1864The Second Schleswig War was fought in 1864 between Denmark and the allied German powers Prussia and Austria.- Tsilhqot'in WarWar · 1864The Tsilhqot'in War was a conflict in 1864 between the Tsilhqot'in people of the Chilcotin plateau and the colony of British Columbia.
Haw warsWar · 1865–1890The Haw wars were raids and campaigns between about 1865 and 1890 by bands of Chinese irregulars, called Haw, who had fled southern China after the Taiping and related…
Austro-Prussian WarWar · 1866The Austro-Prussian War was a short war fought in 1866 between the Austrian Empire and Prussia, with their allies, for leadership in Germany.
Red Cloud's WarWar · 1866–1868Red Cloud's War was a conflict of 1866–1868 between the United States and an alliance of Lakota, Northern Cheyenne and Arapaho led by the Oglala chief Red Cloud.
Third Italian War of IndependenceWar · 1866The Third Italian War of Independence was fought in 1866 between the Kingdom of Italy and the Austrian Empire, alongside the Austro-Prussian War.- Klang WarWar · 1867–1874The Klang War was a civil war in Selangor fought from 1867 to 1874 between rival Malay chiefs over control of the rich tin-mining districts and their river tolls.
Boshin WarWar · 1868–1869The Boshin War was a Japanese civil war fought in 1868–1869 between forces loyal to the Tokugawa shogunate and a coalition led by the Satsuma and Choshu domains acting…
Ten Years' WarWar · 1868–1878The Ten Years' War of 1868–1878 was the first major Cuban war of independence against Spain.
Red River Expedition (1870)Campaign · 1870The Red River Expedition of 1870 was a military force of British regulars and Canadian militia led by Colonel Garnet Wolseley to assert Canadian authority at Red River…
Third Carlist WarWar · 1872–1876The Third Carlist War of 1872–1876 was a civil war in Spain in which supporters of the pretender Carlos VII tried to win the throne.
Aceh WarWar · 1873–1904The Aceh War was the long conflict between the Netherlands and the Aceh Sultanate in northern Sumatra, begun by a Dutch invasion in 1873.
Red River WarWar · 1874–1875The Red River War of 1874–1875 was a campaign of the United States Army against the Comanche, Kiowa, Southern Cheyenne and Arapaho on the southern Plains, in the Texas…
Third Anglo-Ashanti WarWar · 1874The Third Anglo-Ashanti War was a conflict between the British Empire and the Ashanti Empire, culminating in 1874.
Perak WarWar · 1875–1876The Perak War was a conflict of 1875–1876 between Britain and Malay chiefs of Perak.
Great Sioux War of 1876War · 1876–1877The Great Sioux War of 1876, also called the Black Hills War, was fought between the United States and the Lakota and Northern Cheyenne after gold was found in the…- Nez Perce WarWar · 1877The Nez Perce War of 1877 was fought between the United States Army and bands of the Nez Perce who refused to move onto a reduced reservation in Idaho.
- Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)War · 1877–1878The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 was fought between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, following uprisings among the Balkan Christian peoples.
Conquest of the DesertCampaign · 1878–1885The Conquest of the Desert was the Argentine military campaign, led by General Julio Argentino Roca from 1878 to 1879 and continued until 1885, that seized the pampas…- Occupation of Bosnia-HerzegovinaCampaign · 1878The occupation of Bosnia-Herzegovina was the entry of Austro-Hungarian troops into the Ottoman provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878, authorised by the Congress…
Second Anglo-Afghan WarWar · 1878–1880The Second Anglo-Afghan War was fought from 1878 to 1880 between British India and the Emirate of Afghanistan, after the emir Sher Ali Khan received a Russian mission.
Anglo-Zulu WarWar · 1879The Anglo-Zulu War was fought between Britain and the Zulu Kingdom from January to July 1879, after the high commissioner Sir Bartle Frere demanded that King Cetshwayo…
War of the PacificWar · 1879–1884The War of the Pacific was fought from 1879 to 1884 between Chile and an alliance of Bolivia and Peru over the nitrate-rich Atacama coast.
First Boer WarWar · Revolt · 1880–1881The First Boer War was a revolt of the Transvaal Boers against the British annexation of their republic in 1877.
Mahdist WarWar · 1881–1899The Mahdist War was fought from 1881 to 1899 in Sudan between the followers of Muhammad Ahmad, who proclaimed himself the Mahdi, and the Egyptian government backed by…
Franco-Hova WarWar · 1883–1885The Franco-Hova War was fought between France and the Merina Kingdom of Madagascar, whose ruling class the French called Hova.
Tonkin campaignCampaign · 1883–1886The Tonkin campaign was the French military campaign of 1883 to 1886 to occupy Tonkin in northern Vietnam and establish a protectorate there.
Sino-French WarWar · 1884–1885The Sino-French War was fought between France and Qing China from August 1884 to April 1885 over control of Tonkin in northern Vietnam.
Warren ExpeditionCampaign · 1884–1885The Warren Expedition was a British military expedition of about 4,000 men led by Sir Charles Warren to southern Bechuanaland in 1884–1885.- Ethiopian–Mahdist WarWar · 1885–1889The Ethiopian–Mahdist War was fought between the Ethiopian Empire and the Mahdist State of Sudan.
Serbo-Bulgarian WarWar · 1885The Serbo-Bulgarian War was fought in November 1885 after Serbia attacked Bulgaria in protest against the union of Bulgaria with Eastern Rumelia.
Third Anglo-Burmese WarWar · 1885The Third Anglo-Burmese War was a short campaign in November 1885 in which British forces advanced up the Irrawaddy and took Mandalay, deposing King Thibaw, the last…
First Franco-Dahomean WarWar · 1890The First Franco-Dahomean War was fought in 1890 between France and the Kingdom of Dahomey under King Behanzin, over French claims to Cotonou and protection of…
Anglo-Manipur WarWar · 1891The Anglo-Manipur War was a brief conflict in 1891 between the British Empire and the Kingdom of Manipur.
Hunza-Nagar CampaignCampaign · 1891The Hunza-Nagar Campaign was a British expedition of December 1891 led by Colonel Algernon Durand against the states of Hunza and Nagar in the Karakoram.
Stairs Expedition to KatangaCampaign · 1891–1892The Stairs Expedition was a Congo Free State expedition of 1891–1892 to Katanga led by the Canadian-born British officer William Stairs.
Congo Arab warWar · 1892–1894The Congo Arab war was fought from 1892 to 1894 between the Congo Free State and the Swahili-Arab traders of the eastern Congo, whose power had been built by Tippu Tip.
Franco-Siamese WarWar · Crisis · 1893The Franco-Siamese War was a brief conflict in 1893 between France and the Kingdom of Siam over the Lao lands east of the Mekong.- Rabih's conquest of BornuCampaign · 1893Rabih's conquest of Bornu was the seizure of the kingdom of Bornu, the successor of the Kanem-Bornu Empire, by the Sudanese warlord Rabih az-Zubayr in 1893.
First Sino-Japanese WarWar · 1894–1895The First Sino-Japanese War was fought in 1894–1895 between the Qing Empire and the Empire of Japan, mainly over control of Korea.
Fourth Anglo-Ashanti WarWar · 1895–96The Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War of 1895–96 was a British expedition against the Ashanti Empire.
Jameson RaidCampaign · 1895–1896The Jameson Raid was a failed armed incursion into the South African Republic (Transvaal) by about 600 men of the British South Africa Company under Leander Starr…
Anglo-Zanzibar WarWar · 1896The Anglo-Zanzibar War was a brief conflict on 27 August 1896 between Britain and the Sultanate of Zanzibar.
War of CanudosWar · 1896–1897The War of Canudos was a conflict between the Brazilian Republic and the religious community of Canudos in the backlands of Bahia, founded by the preacher Antônio…- Benin Expedition of 1897Campaign · 1897The Benin Expedition of 1897 was a British punitive military campaign against the Benin Empire, launched after the killing of a British party attempting to reach Benin…
Greco-Turkish War (1897)War · 1897The Greco-Turkish War of 1897, also called the Thirty Days' War, was fought between Greece and the Ottoman Empire over Crete, where Christians had risen against Ottoman…
Foureau–Lamy MissionCampaign · 1898–1900The Foureau–Lamy Mission was a French military and scientific expedition of 1898–1900 led by the explorer Fernand Foureau and Commandant François Lamy.
Spanish–American WarWar · 1898The Spanish–American War was fought in 1898 between Spain and the United States, arising from the Cuban struggle for independence.
Acre WarWar · 1899–1903The Acre War was a conflict over the rubber-rich region of Acre in the Amazon, then claimed by Bolivia but settled mainly by Brazilian rubber tappers.
Moro RebellionWar · 1899–1913The Moro Rebellion was an armed conflict from 1899 to 1913 between the United States Army and the Muslim Moro peoples of Mindanao, the Sulu Archipelago and neighbouring…
Philippine–American WarWar · 1899–1902The Philippine–American War was fought between the United States and the First Philippine Republic after Spain ceded the islands to the United States in 1898.
Second Boer WarWar · 1899–1902The Second Boer War was fought from 1899 to 1902 between the British Empire and the two Boer republics, the South African Republic and the Orange Free State.
Thousand Days' WarWar · 1899–1902The Thousand Days' War was a civil war in Colombia from 1899 to 1902 between the governing Conservatives and the Liberals, which killed perhaps 100,000 people.
Voulet–Chanoine MissionCampaign · 1899The Voulet–Chanoine Mission was a French military expedition of 1899 led by Captains Paul Voulet and Julien Chanoine, sent from French Sudan to conquer the territory…
Revolts & revolutions 42
- Hong Gyeong-nae's RebellionRevolt · 1811–1812Hong Gyeong-nae's Rebellion was an uprising in Pyeongan province in north-western Korea from December 1811 to the spring of 1812.
Second Serbian UprisingRevolt · 1815–1817The Second Serbian Uprising was a revolt of Serbs against Ottoman rule, launched at Takovo in April 1815 under Miloš Obrenović.
Liberal Revolution of 1820Revolution · 1820The Liberal Revolution of 1820 was a constitutionalist uprising in Portugal, beginning in Porto.
Confederation of the EquatorRevolt · 1824The Confederation of the Equator was a short-lived republican and separatist revolt in northeastern Brazil in 1824, centred on Pernambuco.
DecembristsRevolt · 1825The Decembrists were Russian army officers and nobles who staged a revolt in St Petersburg on 14 December 1825 (Old Style), refusing to swear allegiance to Nicholas I…
La CosiataRevolt · 1826La Cosiata was a political movement and revolt in Venezuela in 1826, led by José Antonio Páez against the government of Gran Colombia in Bogotá.
Belgian RevolutionRevolution · 1830–1831The Belgian Revolution was the uprising of 1830–1831 in which the southern provinces of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands broke away from King William I.
November UprisingRevolt · 1830–1831The November Uprising was a Polish revolt against Russian rule in Congress Poland that began in Warsaw on 29 November 1830 with an attack by officer cadets on the…
Baptist WarRevolt · 1831–1832The Baptist War, or Christmas Rebellion, was a rising of up to 60,000 enslaved people in western Jamaica that began on 25 December 1831.
CabanagemRevolt · 1835–1840The Cabanagem was a popular revolt in the province of Grão-Pará in the Amazon region of Brazil, lasting from 1835 to 1840.- Revolution of the ReformsRevolt · 1835–1836The Revolution of the Reforms was a military uprising in Venezuela in 1835–1836 against the civilian president José María Vargas.
Marcist RevolutionRevolution · 1845The Marcist Revolution was an uprising that began in Guayaquil on 6 March 1845 against Juan José Flores, the Venezuelan-born general who had dominated Ecuador since its…
Hungarian Revolution of 1848Revolution · 1849The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 was an uprising seeking Hungarian autonomy and then independence from Habsburg rule, part of the wider revolutions of 1848 in Europe.
Eureka RebellionRevolt · 1854The Eureka Rebellion was a revolt by gold miners at Ballarat in Victoria in 1854 against the costly miners' licences and the conduct of the authorities.
Revolution of AyutlaRevolution · 1854–1855The Revolution of Ayutla was a liberal uprising in Mexico against the dictatorship of Antonio López de Santa Anna, launched in March 1854 under the Plan of Ayutla…
Indian Rebellion of 1857Revolt · 1857The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising against the rule of the British East India Company, beginning with a mutiny of Indian soldiers.
January UprisingRevolt · 1863–1864The January Uprising was a Polish and Lithuanian insurrection against Russian rule, beginning in January 1863 in Congress Poland.
Tengu Party RebellionRevolt · 1864The Tengu Party Rebellion was a rising of radical loyalist samurai of the Mito domain in 1864, during the last years of the Tokugawa shogunate.
Morant Bay rebellionRevolt · 1865The Morant Bay rebellion was an uprising of poor black farmers in Saint Thomas Parish, Jamaica, in October 1865, led by the Baptist deacon Paul Bogle.
Glorious Revolution (Spain)Revolution · 1868The Glorious Revolution of September 1868 was a military rising led by Generals Juan Prim and Francisco Serrano and Admiral Juan Bautista Topete that drove Queen…
Grito de LaresRevolt · 1868The Grito de Lares was an uprising against Spanish rule in Puerto Rico on 23 September 1868, planned by Ramón Emeterio Betances from exile.
Meiji RestorationRevolution · 1868The Meiji Restoration was the political revolution of 1868 that ended the Tokugawa Shogunate and restored direct imperial rule under Emperor Meiji.
Red River ResistanceRevolt · 1869–1870The Red River Resistance was the rising of the Métis of the Red River Settlement in 1869–1870 against the transfer of Rupert's Land to Canada without their consent.
Liberal Revolution of 1871Revolution · 1871The Liberal Revolution of 1871 in Guatemala was the revolt led by Miguel García Granados and Justo Rufino Barrios that overthrew the conservative government of Vicente…
Cantonal RebellionRevolt · 1873–1874The Cantonal Rebellion was an uprising of intransigent federal republicans in southern and eastern Spain during the First Spanish Republic.- Black Flag RebellionRevolt · 1875The Black Flag Rebellion was an uprising of white diggers on the diamond fields of Kimberley, in the Crown colony of Griqualand West, in 1875.
- Belmanna riotsRevolt · 1876The Belmanna riots were an uprising of labourers at Roxborough in Tobago in May 1876, named after Corporal Belmanna, a police officer who had shot a woman during unrest…
- Plan of TuxtepecRevolt · 1876The Plan of Tuxtepec was the revolt proclaimed by Porfirio Díaz in January 1876 against President Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada's bid for re-election, under the banner of…
Satsuma RebellionRevolt · 1877The Satsuma Rebellion was a rising of former samurai of Kagoshima against the Meiji government in 1877, led by Saigo Takamori.
Imo IncidentRevolt · 1882The Imo Incident was a mutiny by unpaid soldiers in Seoul in July 1882.- Gapsin CoupRevolt · 1884The Gapsin Coup was a failed attempt by Korean reformers led by Kim Ok-gyun to seize power in Seoul in December 1884.
Yên Thế InsurrectionRevolt · 1884–1913The Yên Thế Insurrection was a long rural resistance to French rule in the hill district of Yên Thế, north of Hanoi, which lasted from 1884 to 1913.
Cần VươngRevolt · 1885–1896The Cần Vương ('Aid the King') movement was a Vietnamese uprising against French rule launched in July 1885, when the regent Tôn Thất Thuyết fled Huế with the boy…
North-West RebellionRevolt · 1885The North-West Rebellion was a rising in 1885 of Métis and some First Nations people in the District of Saskatchewan against the government of Canada, led by Louis Riel…- Proclamation of the Republic (Brazil)Revolution · 1889The Proclamation of the Republic was the military coup of 15 November 1889 that overthrew the Brazilian monarchy.
Revolution of the ParkRevolt · 1890The Revolution of the Park was an armed uprising in Buenos Aires in July 1890 by the Civic Union, led by Leandro Alem, against President Miguel Juárez Celman, named…
Donghak Peasant RevolutionRevolt · 1894–1895The Donghak Peasant Revolution was a rising of Korean peasants in 1894, led by followers of the Donghak religion such as Jeon Bong-jun, against corruption, heavy taxes…
Liberal Revolution of 1895Revolution · 1895The Liberal Revolution of 1895 in Ecuador began with a rising in Guayaquil on 5 June 1895 that proclaimed Eloy Alfaro supreme chief.- Menalamba rebellionRevolt · 1895–1897The Menalamba rebellion was a rising in highland Madagascar against French rule and the collaborating Merina government, which broke out in late 1895 after the French…
First ChimurengaRevolt · 1896–1897The First Chimurenga was the uprising of the Ndebele and Shona against the British South Africa Company in 1896–1897, in what is now Zimbabwe.
Philippine RevolutionRevolution · 1896–1898The Philippine Revolution was the armed struggle against Spanish rule launched by the Katipunan secret society in August 1896.- Boxer RebellionRevolt · 1899–1901The Boxer Rebellion was an anti-foreign and anti-Christian uprising in northern China led by the Yihetuan, the 'Militia United in Righteousness', known in the West as…
Crises & tensions 5
- Vixen affairCrisis · 1836The Vixen affair was a diplomatic crisis of 1836 between Britain and Russia.
Rhine CrisisCrisis · 1840The Rhine Crisis of 1840 was a diplomatic confrontation in which the French government of Adolphe Thiers, humiliated in the Eastern Question, raised demands for the…- Punctation of OlmützTreaty · Crisis · 1850The Punctation of Olmütz was an agreement signed on 29 November 1850 at Olmütz in Moravia between Prussia and Austria, with Russian backing for Austria.
Luxembourg CrisisCrisis · 1867The Luxembourg Crisis of 1867 was a diplomatic confrontation between France and Prussia over the status of Luxembourg.
Panic of 1890Crisis · 1890The Panic of 1890, also called the Baring crisis, was a financial crisis set off when the London bank Baring Brothers, heavily exposed to Argentine bonds, came close to…
Treaties 138
Third Treaty of San IldefonsoTreaty · 1800The Third Treaty of San Ildefonso was a secret agreement signed on 1 October 1800 by which Spain returned Louisiana to France.
Treaty of Aranjuez (1801)Treaty · 1801The Treaty of Aranjuez of 21 March 1801 was an agreement between France and Spain confirming the secret Treaty of San Ildefonso of 1800.
Treaty of LunévilleTreaty · Peace · 1801The Treaty of Lunéville was signed on 9 February 1801 between the French Republic and Emperor Francis II after Austrian defeats at Marengo and Hohenlinden.
Treaty of AmiensTreaty · Peace · 1802The Treaty of Amiens, signed in March 1802 between France and Britain, with Spain and the Batavian Republic, briefly ended the French Revolutionary Wars.
Louisiana PurchaseTreaty · 1803The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition by the United States of France's territory of Louisiana in 1803 for about 15 million dollars.- Treaty of DeogaonTreaty · Peace · 1803The Treaty of Deogaon was signed on 17 December 1803 between the British East India Company and Raghuji II Bhonsle of Nagpur after his defeats at Assaye and Argaon in…
- Treaty of ElaznauriTreaty · 1804The Treaty of Elaznauri was signed in April 1804 by Solomon II of Imereti, under Russian military pressure, at Elaznauri in Imereti.
Peace of Pressburg (1805)Treaty · Peace · 1805The Peace of Pressburg was signed on 26 December 1805 at Pressburg (Bratislava) between France and Austria after Napoleon's victory at Austerlitz.- Treaty of KurekchayTreaty · 1805The Treaty of Kurekchay was signed on 14 May 1805 between Ibrahim Khalil Khan of the Karabakh Khanate and the Russian commander Pavel Tsitsianov.
- Anglo-Sikh Treaty of 1806Treaty · 1806The Anglo-Sikh Treaty of 1806 was an agreement between Ranjit Singh and the British East India Company.
Rhine Confederation ActTreaty · 1806The Rhine Confederation Act was a treaty signed in Paris on 12 July 1806 by sixteen German states, including Bavaria, Württemberg and Baden, which left the Holy Roman…- Treaty of PosenTreaty · Peace · 1806The Treaty of Posen, signed on 11 December 1806 at Posen (Poznań), made peace between Napoleon and Elector Frederick Augustus III of Saxony, who had fought on the…
Treaties of TilsitTreaty · Peace · 1807The Treaties of Tilsit were signed in July 1807 by Napoleon with Alexander I of Russia and Frederick William III of Prussia, after the French victory at Friedland.- Treaty of Fontainebleau (1807)Treaty · 1807The Treaty of Fontainebleau (1807) was a secret agreement of 27 October 1807 between Napoleonic France and Spain to invade and partition Portugal.
- Treaty of Amritsar (1809)Treaty · 1809The Treaty of Amritsar of 1809 was an agreement between Ranjit Singh and the British East India Company.
Treaty of Fort Wayne (1809)Treaty · 1809The Treaty of Fort Wayne of 30 September 1809 was signed between William Henry Harrison, governor of Indiana Territory, and leaders of the Delaware, Potawatomi, Miami…
Treaty of FredrikshamnTreaty · Peace · 1809The Treaty of Fredrikshamn was signed on 17 September 1809 at Fredrikshamn (Hamina) between Sweden and Russia, ending the Finnish War.
Treaty of SchönbrunnTreaty · Peace · 1809The Treaty of Schönbrunn was signed at Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna on 14 October 1809, ending the War of the Fifth Coalition between France and Austria.
Treaty of Bucharest (1812)Treaty · Peace · 1812The Treaty of Bucharest, signed on 28 May 1812, ended the Russo-Turkish War of 1806–1812.- Treaty of FuldaTreaty · 1813The Treaty of Fulda was concluded on 2 November 1813 between Austria and the Kingdom of Württemberg after the Battle of Leipzig.
Treaty of GulistanTreaty · Peace · 1813The Treaty of Gulistan was signed in October 1813 between the Russian Empire and Qajar Iran, ending the Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813.- Treaty of Kalisz (1813)Treaty · 1813The Treaty of Kalisz (Kalisch) was signed on 28 February 1813 between Russia and Prussia after Napoleon's disastrous retreat from Moscow.
- Treaty of RiedTreaty · 1813The Treaty of Ried was signed on 8 October 1813 at Ried im Innkreis between Bavaria and Austria.
- Treaty of Stockholm (1813)Treaty · 1813The Treaty of Stockholm of 3 March 1813 was an alliance between Britain and Sweden against Napoleon.
Treaty of ValençayTreaty · Peace · 1813The Treaty of Valençay was signed on 11 December 1813 at the château of Valençay in France, where Napoleon held the deposed Ferdinand VII.- Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814Treaty · 1814The Convention of London, also called the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814, was signed on 13 August 1814 by Britain and the Netherlands.
- Convention of MossTreaty · Peace · 1814The Convention of Moss was the ceasefire agreement signed on 14 August 1814 at Moss, south of Christiania, that ended the brief Swedish–Norwegian War.
Treaty of KielTreaty · Peace · 1814The Treaty of Kiel was signed on 14 January 1814 by Frederick VI of Denmark-Norway, defeated as an ally of Napoleon, with Sweden and Britain.- Treaty of LircayTreaty · Peace · 1814The Treaty of Lircay was signed on 3 May 1814 on the banks of the Lircay river near Talca between the Chilean patriot government and the royalist commander Gabino…
- Treaty of Paris (1814)Treaty · Peace · 1814The Treaty of Paris of 1814 made peace between France and the allied powers after Napoleon's first abdication.
Congress of ViennaTreaty · Peace · 1815The Congress of Vienna was a conference of European powers held in 1814–1815 to reorganise Europe after the Napoleonic Wars.
Final Act of the Congress of ViennaTreaty · Peace · 1815The Final Act of the Congress of Vienna, signed on 9 June 1815, brought together the agreements reached by the European powers at the Congress of Vienna into a single…- German Federal ActTreaty · 1815The German Federal Act of 8 June 1815 was the founding treaty of the German Confederation, agreed at the Congress of Vienna and incorporated into its Final Act.
Kandyan ConventionTreaty · 1815The Kandyan Convention was the agreement signed on 2 March 1815 between the British and the chiefs of the Kingdom of Kandy, after they had helped the British depose…
Treaty of Paris (1815)Treaty · Peace · 1815The Treaty of Paris of November 1815 was signed after Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo and his Hundred Days.
Treaty of Munich (1816)Treaty · 1816The Treaty of Munich was signed on 14 April 1816 between Bavaria and Austria, completing the territorial settlement after the Napoleonic Wars.
Treaty of SugauliTreaty · Peace · 1816The Treaty of Sugauli ended the Anglo-Nepalese War between the Kingdom of Nepal and the British East India Company.- Treaty of MandsaurTreaty · Peace · 1818The Treaty of Mandsaur was signed on 6 January 1818 between the British East India Company and the Holkar state of Indore, after its defeat at Mahidpur in the Third…
Adams–Onís TreatyTreaty · 1819The Adams–Onís Treaty, signed in Washington on 22 February 1819 by the American secretary of state John Quincy Adams and the Spanish minister Luis de Onís, transferred…- General Maritime Treaty of 1820Treaty · Peace · 1820The General Maritime Treaty of 1820 was signed between Britain and the sheikhs of the coast of the lower Gulf after a British expedition destroyed the Qawasim fleet at…
Treaty of PilarTreaty · Peace · 1820The Treaty of Pilar was signed on 23 February 1820 by the governor of Buenos Aires, Manuel de Sarratea, and the federalist caudillos Francisco Ramírez of Entre Ríos and…
Treaty of CórdobaTreaty · Peace · 1821The Treaty of Córdoba was signed on 24 August 1821 at Córdoba, Veracruz, by Agustín de Iturbide and Juan O'Donojú, the last Spanish head of government of New Spain.- Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824Treaty · 1824The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 was an agreement between Britain and the Netherlands that divided their spheres of influence in maritime South-East Asia.
Burney TreatyTreaty · 1826The Burney Treaty was an agreement signed in June 1826 between Siam and the British East India Company, negotiated by Captain Henry Burney during the First…- Treaty of YandaboTreaty · Peace · 1826The Treaty of Yandabo was signed on 24 February 1826 by the British East India Company and the Konbaung kingdom of Burma, ending the First Anglo-Burmese War.
- Preliminary Peace ConventionTreaty · Peace · 1828The Preliminary Peace Convention was the agreement signed in Rio de Janeiro on 27 August 1828 by the Empire of Brazil and the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata…
Treaty of TurkmenchayTreaty · Peace · 1828The Treaty of Turkmenchay, signed in February 1828, ended the Russo-Persian War of 1826 to 1828.
Treaty of Adrianople (1829)Treaty · Peace · 1829The Treaty of Adrianople, signed on 14 September 1829 at Edirne, ended the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–29.
London Protocol (1830)Treaty · 1830The London Protocol of 3 February 1830 was the agreement by which Britain, France and Russia recognised Greece as an independent sovereign state under a hereditary…
Treaty of Dancing Rabbit CreekTreaty · 1830The Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek was signed on 27 September 1830 in Noxubee County, Mississippi, the first removal treaty concluded under the Indian Removal Act.
Federal PactTreaty · 1831The Federal Pact was an alliance signed in January 1831 by the Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe and Entre Ríos against the Unitarian League of General José…- Treaty of Peace (1831)Treaty · Peace · 1831The Treaty of Peace of 1831 was an agreement between the British and the Ashanti Empire following Ashanti defeat at the Battle of Katamanso in 1826.
Treaty of Constantinople (1832)Treaty · Peace · 1832The Treaty of Constantinople was signed in July 1832 by Britain, France, Russia and the Ottoman Empire, completing the recognition of the independent Kingdom of Greece.
Treaty of Pontotoc CreekTreaty · 1832The Treaty of Pontotoc Creek, signed on 20 October 1832 at Pontotoc, Mississippi, ceded the remaining Chickasaw homeland east of the Mississippi to the United States.
Concession of EvoramonteTreaty · Peace · 1834The Concession of Evoramonte was the agreement of 26 May 1834 that ended the Liberal Wars in Portugal.
Treaty of DesmichelsTreaty · Peace · 1834The Treaty of Desmichels was signed in February 1834 between Emir Abdelkader and General Louis Alexis Desmichels, the French commander at Oran.
Treaty of New EchotaTreaty · 1835The Treaty of New Echota was signed on 29 December 1835 at the Cherokee capital, New Echota in Georgia, by US commissioners and a small minority faction of Cherokee led…
Congress of TacnaTreaty · 1837The Pact of Tacna was the agreement of May 1837 by which delegates of the North Peruvian Republic, the South Peruvian Republic and Bolivia defined the Peru–Bolivian…
Treaty of TafnaTreaty · Peace · 1837The Treaty of Tafna was signed on 30 May 1837 near the Tafna river between Emir Abdelkader and General Thomas-Robert Bugeaud.
Treaty of London (1839)Treaty · 1839The Treaty of London of 1839 was signed by the Netherlands, Belgium and the great powers.
Treaty of WaitangiTreaty · 1840The Treaty of Waitangi was signed on 6 February 1840 at Waitangi in the Bay of Islands by William Hobson for the British Crown and more than 40 Māori chiefs, later…
Treaty of NanjingTreaty · Peace · 1842The Treaty of Nanjing was the peace treaty of 1842 that ended the First Opium War between Britain and Qing China.
Webster–Ashburton TreatyTreaty · 1842The Webster–Ashburton Treaty, signed on 9 August 1842 by the US Secretary of State Daniel Webster and the British envoy Lord Ashburton, settled the disputed border…- Treaty of Ponche VerdeTreaty · Peace · 1845The Treaty of Ponche Verde, agreed on 1 March 1845, ended the Ragamuffin War between the Empire of Brazil and the rebel Riograndense Republic.
Oregon TreatyTreaty · 1846The Oregon Treaty was signed by the United States and Britain on 15 June 1846, ending their dispute over the Oregon Country in the Pacific Northwest.- Treaty of Amritsar (1846)Treaty · 1846The Treaty of Amritsar of 1846 was an agreement by which the British East India Company sold Kashmir to Gulab Singh, the ruler of Jammu, for 7.5 million rupees.
- Jarnac ConventionTreaty · 1847The Jarnac Convention was an agreement signed by Britain and France on 19 June 1847 in which both powers recognised the independence of the Leeward Islands of the…
Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoTreaty · Peace · 1848The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed on 2 February 1848, ended the Mexican–American War.
Clayton–Bulwer TreatyTreaty · 1850The Clayton–Bulwer Treaty was signed in 1850 by the United States and Britain, represented by John M.
Douglas TreatiesTreaty · 1850–1854The Douglas Treaties were fourteen land purchase agreements made between 1850 and 1854 by James Douglas, chief factor of the Hudson's Bay Company and governor of…
Sand River ConventionTreaty · 1852The Sand River Convention was an agreement signed on 17 January 1852 between British commissioners and Boer leaders headed by Andries Pretorius.
Gadsden PurchaseTreaty · 1853–1854The Gadsden Purchase was the sale by Mexico to the United States of about 77,000 square kilometres of land south of the Gila River, in present-day southern Arizona and…- Perpetual Maritime TruceTreaty · Peace · 1853The Perpetual Maritime Truce was an agreement of 1853 between Britain and the rulers of the coast now forming the United Arab Emirates, forbidding all hostilities at…
- Bloemfontein ConventionTreaty · 1854The Bloemfontein Convention was the agreement of 23 February 1854 by which Britain withdrew from the Orange River Sovereignty and recognised the independence of its…
Convention of KanagawaTreaty · 1854The Convention of Kanagawa was the treaty signed in 1854 between the Tokugawa shogunate and the United States, following Commodore Matthew Perry's expedition.
Bowring TreatyTreaty · 1855The Bowring Treaty was signed on 18 April 1855 between Siam and Britain, negotiated by Sir John Bowring, governor of Hong Kong, with King Mongkut.- Lame Bull TreatyTreaty · Peace · 1855The Lame Bull Treaty was signed on 17 October 1855 at the mouth of the Judith River in present-day Montana between the United States and the Blackfoot, together with…
Treaty of Paris (1856)Treaty · Peace · 1856The Treaty of Paris, signed on 30 March 1856 at the Congress of Paris, ended the Crimean War between Russia and the alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, Britain and…
Treaty of Paris (1857)Treaty · Peace · 1857The Treaty of Paris of 4 March 1857 ended the Anglo-Persian War between Britain and Qajar Iran, which had begun after Iranian forces took the Afghan city of Herat in…
Harris TreatyTreaty · 1858The Harris Treaty of 1858, formally the Treaty of Amity and Commerce, was concluded between the United States and Japan through the American consul Townsend Harris.- Paris Convention of 1858Treaty · 1858The Paris Convention of 1858 was an agreement of the great powers, signed on 19 August 1858, that reorganised the Danubian Principalities after the Crimean War.
Plombières AgreementTreaty · 1858The Plombières Agreement was a secret understanding reached on 21 July 1858 by Napoleon III and Cavour at the spa town of Plombières-les-Bains in France.
Armistice of VillafrancaTreaty · Peace · 1859The Armistice of Villafranca was agreed on 11 July 1859 by Napoleon III and Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria after the battles of Magenta and Solferino.- Pact of San José de FloresTreaty · Peace · 1859The Pact of San José de Flores, signed on 11 November 1859 after Urquiza's victory at the Battle of Cepeda, ended the separation of the State of Buenos Aires from the…
- Treaty of ZürichTreaty · Peace · 1859The Treaty of Zürich, signed on 10 November 1859 by Austria, France and the Kingdom of Sardinia, ended the Second Italian War of Independence.
- Wyke–Cruz TreatyTreaty · 1859The Wyke–Cruz Treaty was signed in November 1859 by Britain, represented by Charles Lennox Wyke, and Honduras, represented by Francisco Cruz.
Treaty of ManaguaTreaty · 1860The Treaty of Managua was signed in January 1860 between Great Britain and Nicaragua.
Treaty of Turin (1860)Treaty · 1860The Treaty of Turin, signed on 24 March 1860, transferred Savoy and the County of Nice from the Kingdom of Sardinia to Napoleon III's France.
Treaty of Wad RasTreaty · Peace · 1860The Treaty of Wad Ras was signed at Tetouan on 26 April 1860, ending the Hispano-Moroccan War.
Treaty of Saigon (1862)Treaty · Peace · 1862The Treaty of Saigon, signed on 5 June 1862, ended the first phase of the French conquest of southern Vietnam.
Treaty of CocheTreaty · Peace · 1863The Treaty of Coche was the agreement signed in April 1863 at the Coche estate near Caracas that ended the Federal War in Venezuela.
First Geneva ConventionTreaty · 1864The First Geneva Convention, signed in Geneva on 22 August 1864 by twelve states, was the first multilateral treaty of international humanitarian law.
Treaty of Vienna (1864)Treaty · Peace · 1864The Treaty of Vienna was signed on 30 October 1864 between Denmark and the victors of the Second Schleswig War, Prussia and Austria.
Treaty of the Triple AllianceTreaty · 1865The Treaty of the Triple Alliance was signed in secret on 1 May 1865 in Buenos Aires by Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay after Paraguay invaded Argentine territory.
Peace of Prague (1866)Treaty · Peace · 1866The Peace of Prague, signed on 23 August 1866, ended the Austro-Prussian War.- Treaty of Thaba BosiuTreaty · Peace · 1866The Treaty of Thaba Bosiu was signed in April 1866 between Moshoeshoe I of the Basotho and the Orange Free State, ending the war of 1865–1866.
Treaty of London (1867)Treaty · Peace · 1867The Treaty of London of 11 May 1867 settled the Luxembourg Crisis between France and Prussia.
Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)Treaty · Peace · 1868The Treaty of Fort Laramie of 1868 was an agreement between the United States and bands of the Lakota, Yanktonai Dakota and Arapaho that ended Red Cloud's War.- Second Treaty of Aliwal NorthTreaty · Peace · 1869The Convention of Aliwal North was signed in February 1869 between Britain and the Orange Free State after the wars between the Free State and the Basotho.
- Peace of OkahandjaTreaty · Peace · 1870The Peace of Okahandja was the settlement of 1870, negotiated with the help of German missionaries, that ended a decade of war between the Herero under Maharero and the…
- Keate AwardTreaty · 1871The Keate Award was the 1871 arbitration by Robert Keate, Lieutenant-Governor of Natal, of rival claims to the land around the newly found diamond fields of southern…
- Sumatra TreatyTreaty · 1871The Sumatra Treaty was an agreement signed by Britain and the Netherlands in November 1871.
Treaty of Frankfurt (1871)Treaty · Peace · 1871The Treaty of Frankfurt, signed on 10 May 1871, ended the Franco-Prussian War.- Treaty of Washington (1871)Treaty · 1871The Treaty of Washington of 1871 settled disputes between Britain and the United States after the American Civil War.
- Deed of Cession (Fiji)Treaty · 1874The Deed of Cession was the instrument by which Ratu Seru Cakobau and other Fijian chiefs ceded Fiji to Queen Victoria on 10 October 1874, making the islands a British…
- Pangkor Treaty of 1874Treaty · 1874The Pangkor Treaty of 1874 was signed in January 1874 off the island of Pangkor between the British governor of the Straits Settlements, Sir Andrew Clarke, and Malay…
- Treaty of FomenaTreaty · Peace · 1874The Treaty of Fomena was the peace agreement of 1874 between the British Empire and the Ashanti Empire following the Third Anglo-Ashanti War.
- Treaty of Saigon (1874)Treaty · 1874The Treaty of Saigon of 15 March 1874, negotiated by the French official Paul-Louis-Félix Philastre after Francis Garnier's seizure of Hanoi, recognised French…
Treaty of GanghwaTreaty · 1876The Treaty of Ganghwa was signed between Japan and Joseon Korea in February 1876, after a Japanese naval clash near Ganghwa Island in 1875.
Congress of BerlinTreaty · Peace · 1878The Congress of Berlin was a meeting of the great powers chaired by Bismarck in June and July 1878 to revise the Treaty of San Stefano after the Russo-Turkish War.- Cyprus ConventionTreaty · 1878The Cyprus Convention was a secret agreement signed on 4 June 1878 between Britain and the Ottoman Empire.
- Pact of ZanjónTreaty · Peace · 1878The Pact of Zanjón was the agreement of 10 February 1878 that ended most of the fighting in the Ten Years' War between Cuban rebels and Spain.
Treaty of San StefanoTreaty · Peace · 1878The Treaty of San Stefano was the preliminary peace signed on 3 March 1878 between Russia and the Ottoman Empire at the end of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878.
Pretoria ConventionTreaty · Peace · 1881The Pretoria Convention was the peace settlement signed on 3 August 1881 that ended the First Boer War.
Treaty of BardoTreaty · 1881The Treaty of Bardo was signed on 12 May 1881 at the Ksar Saïd palace near Tunis by Muhammad as-Sadiq Bey, under pressure from an invading French army.
Triple Alliance (1882)Treaty · 1882The Triple Alliance was a secret defensive alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, concluded on 20 May 1882 and renewed several times.
Treaty of AncónTreaty · Peace · 1883The Treaty of Ancón, signed on 20 October 1883, ended the war between Chile and Peru in the War of the Pacific.
Treaty of Huế (1883)Treaty · Peace · 1883The Treaty of Huế of 25 August 1883, known as the Harmand Treaty after the French negotiator Jules Harmand, was imposed on the Nguyễn court after French forces stormed…
Berlin ConferenceTreaty · 1884–1885The Berlin Conference was a meeting of European powers and the United States convened by Otto von Bismarck from November 1884 to February 1885.
London Convention (1884)Treaty · 1884The London Convention was an agreement signed on 27 February 1884 between Britain and a Transvaal delegation led by Paul Kruger.
Treaty of Huế (1884)Treaty · 1884The Treaty of Huế of 6 June 1884, negotiated by the French diplomat Jules Patenôtre, confirmed French protection over Vietnam after the conquest of Tonkin.
Madrid Protocol of 1885Treaty · 1885The Madrid Protocol of 1885 was an agreement signed on 7 March 1885 by Britain, Germany and Spain.- Treaty of SimulambucoTreaty · 1885The Treaty of Simulambuco was signed on 1 February 1885 between Portugal and the princes and chiefs of Cabinda, on the Atlantic coast north of the Congo River.
Treaty of Tientsin (1885)Treaty · Peace · 1885The Treaty of Tientsin of 9 June 1885 was signed by Li Hongzhang for the Qing dynasty and the French envoy Jules Patenôtre, ending the Sino-French War.
Rudd ConcessionTreaty · 1888The Rudd Concession was a document signed in October 1888 by the Ndebele king Lobengula, granting exclusive mining rights in his lands to agents of Cecil Rhodes led by…
Treaty of Berlin (1889)Treaty · 1889The Treaty of Berlin of 1889 was an agreement between Germany, Britain and the United States on the future of Samoa, made after the crisis at Apia earlier that year.- Treaty of WuchaleTreaty · 1889The Treaty of Wuchale was signed on 2 May 1889 between Menelik II of Ethiopia and Italy.
Heligoland–Zanzibar TreatyTreaty · 1890The Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty was signed on 1 July 1890 between Britain and Germany.- Swaziland ConventionsTreaty · 1890–1894The Swaziland Conventions were three agreements between Britain and the South African Republic (Transvaal) on the status of Swaziland, concluded in 1890, 1893 and 1894.
- Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1891Treaty · 1891The Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1891, signed in Lisbon on 11 June 1891, fixed the borders between Portugal's colonies of Mozambique and Angola and the British spheres in…
Treaty of ShimonosekiTreaty · Peace · 1895The Treaty of Shimonoseki, signed on 17 April 1895, ended the First Sino-Japanese War.- Treaty of Addis AbabaTreaty · Peace · 1896The Treaty of Addis Ababa was signed in 1896 between Ethiopia and Italy after the Ethiopian victory at the Battle of Adwa.
Pact of Biak-na-BatoTreaty · Peace · 1897The Pact of Biak-na-Bato was a truce agreed in December 1897 between the Spanish governor-general Fernando Primo de Rivera and Emilio Aguinaldo's revolutionaries…
Anglo-French Convention of 1898Treaty · 1898The Anglo-French Convention of 1898 was an agreement signed in Paris on 14 June 1898 that settled the frontier between British and French territories in West Africa…- Treaty of Paris (1898)Treaty · Peace · 1898The Treaty of Paris of December 1898 ended the Spanish–American War.
- Anglo-Kuwaiti Agreement of 1899Treaty · 1899The Anglo-Kuwaiti Agreement of 23 January 1899 was a secret treaty between Britain and Mubarak al-Sabah, ruler of Kuwait.
Kiram-Bates TreatyTreaty · 1899The Kiram-Bates Treaty was an agreement signed in August 1899 between the United States, represented by General John C.
Tripartite Convention (1899)Treaty · 1899The Tripartite Convention of 1899 partitioned the Samoan Islands between Germany and the United States.
Peace efforts & congresses 2
- Canning AwardPeace · 1861The Canning Award was the 1861 arbitration by Lord Canning, Governor-General of India, of the succession dispute between the sons of Sayyid Said of Oman.
Bloemfontein ConferencePeace · 1899The Bloemfontein Conference was a meeting held in Bloemfontein from 31 May to 5 June 1899 between Paul Kruger, president of the South African Republic, and Alfred…