Conflicts and resolutions of the 12th century
66 battles, sieges, wars, revolts, crises, treaties and peace settlements, in date order.
Battles 39
Battle of TinchebrayBattle · 1106The Battle of Tinchebray was fought on 28 September 1106 in south-western Normandy between Henry I of England and his elder brother Robert Curthose, duke of Normandy.
Battle of Uclés (1108)Battle · 1108The Battle of Uclés was fought on 29 May 1108 near Uclés in central Spain.- Battle of ValtierraBattle · 1110The Battle of Valtierra was fought on 24 January 1110 near Valtierra in Navarre, Spain.
- Battle of NingjiangBattle · 1114The Battle of Ningjiang was fought in 1114 when the Jurchen chieftain Wanyan Aguda rebelled against the Liao dynasty and attacked its fortress of Ningjiang in Manchuria.
- Battle of HubudagangBattle · 1115The Battle of Hubudagang was fought in 1115 in Manchuria between the Jurchen leader Wanyan Aguda, newly proclaimed emperor of the Jin dynasty, and the Liao emperor…
- Battle of WelfesholzBattle · 1115The Battle of Welfesholz was fought on 11 February 1115 in the Mansfeld area of Saxony.
Battle of Ager SanguinisBattle · 1119The Battle of Ager Sanguinis, the 'Field of Blood', was fought on 28 June 1119 near Sarmada, west of Aleppo.
Battle of BrémuleBattle · 1119The Battle of Brémule was fought on 20 August 1119 in the Norman Vexin between Henry I of England, duke of Normandy, and Louis VI of France, who supported the claim of…
Battle of CutandaBattle · 1120The Battle of Cutanda was fought in June 1120 near Calamocha in Aragon, where Alfonso I of Aragon, aided by southern French lords, defeated an Almoravid army sent to…- Battle of DidgoriBattle · 1121The Battle of Didgori was fought on 12 August 1121 west of Tbilisi, where King David IV the Builder of Georgia defeated a large Seljuk-led Muslim coalition.
Battle of São MamedeBattle · 1128The Battle of São Mamede was fought on 24 June 1128 near Guimarães between Afonso Henriques and the forces of his mother, Countess Teresa, and her Galician ally Fernão…- Battle of al-BuhayraBattle · 1130The Battle of al-Buhayra was fought in 1130 near Marrakesh between the early Almohad movement and the Almoravids.
- Battle of StracathroBattle · 1130The Battle of Stracathro was fought in 1130 near Brechin in Angus, Scotland, where royal forces led by Edward, the constable of King David I, defeated an army from Moray.
Battle of FragaBattle · 1134The Battle of Fraga was fought in July 1134 when an Almoravid relief army defeated Alfonso I of Aragon, who was besieging the town of Fraga on the Cinca.- Battle of RignanoBattle · 1137The Battle of Rignano was fought on 30 October 1137 near Rignano Garganico in Apulia between King Roger II of Sicily and the rebel Ranulf of Alife, supported by troops…
- Battle of GalluccioBattle · 1139The Battle of Galluccio was fought on 22 July 1139 in Campania, where forces led by Roger of Apulia, son of Roger II of Sicily, ambushed a papal army and captured Pope…
Battle of OuriqueBattle · 1139The Battle of Ourique was fought in 1139 in the south of present-day Portugal, where Afonso Henriques defeated Muslim forces.
Battle of Lincoln (1141)Battle · 1141The Battle of Lincoln was fought on 2 February 1141 during the Anarchy, the English civil war between King Stephen and the Empress Matilda.
Battle of QatwanBattle · 1141The Battle of Qatwan was fought in 1141 near Samarkand, where the Qara Khitai, a Buddhist Sinicised steppe power, defeated the Seljuk sultan Ahmad Sanjar.
Battle of Grathe HeathBattle · 1157The Battle of Grathe Heath was fought on 23 October 1157 near Viborg in Jutland, ending the Danish civil wars.- Battle of CaishiBattle · 1161The Battle of Caishi was fought in November 1161 on the Yangtze River near Caishi, in present-day Anhui, between the Southern Song and the Jurchen Jin.
- Battle of TangdaoBattle · 1161The Battle of Tangdao was a naval battle fought off the Shandong peninsula in late 1161, in which a small Southern Song fleet under Li Bao surprised and destroyed a…
- Battle of RenfrewBattle · 1164The Battle of Renfrew was fought in 1164 near Renfrew on the Clyde, when Somerled, King of the Isles, invaded the Scottish kingdom with a large fleet drawn from Argyll…
Battle of VerchenBattle · 1164The Battle of Verchen was fought on 6 July 1164 near Demmin in Pomerania, where an army of Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony, allied with Valdemar I of Denmark, defeated…
Battle of Monte PorzioBattle · 1167The Battle of Monte Porzio was fought on 29 May 1167 near Tusculum, south-east of Rome, between the army of the Roman commune and imperial forces of Frederick…
Battle of SirmiumBattle · 1167The Battle of Sirmium was fought on 8 July 1167 near Sirmium (Sremska Mitrovica) in Syrmia, where the Byzantine army of Manuel I Komnenos under Andronikos…
Battle of LegnanoBattle · 1176The Battle of Legnano was fought in 1176 in northern Italy, where the forces of the Lombard League defeated the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa.
Battle of MyriokephalonBattle · 1176The Battle of Myriokephalon was fought on 17 September 1176 in the mountains of western Anatolia, near Lake Eğirdir.
Battle of MontgisardBattle · 1177The Battle of Montgisard was fought on 25 November 1177 near Ramla, in the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Battle of KasahradaBattle · 1178The Battle of Kasahrada was fought in 1178 near Mount Abu in present-day Rajasthan, where the Chaulukya army of Gujarat, led in the name of the young king Mularaja II…- Battle of PalnaduBattle · c. 1182The Battle of Palnadu was fought around 1182 at Karempudi in the Palnadu region of Andhra Pradesh, India, between two branches of the Haihaya chiefs of Palnadu and…
Battle of FimreiteBattle · 1184The Battle of Fimreite was a naval battle fought on 15 June 1184 in the Sognefjord in western Norway.
Battle of HattinBattle · 1187The Battle of Hattin was fought in 1187 near Tiberias in Galilee between Saladin and the army of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Battle of TryavnaBattle · 1190The Battle of Tryavna was fought in 1190 in a pass of the Balkan Mountains near Tryavna, in present-day Bulgaria.- First Battle of TarainBattle · 1191The First Battle of Tarain was fought in 1191 near Taraori in present-day Haryana, India, between the Ghurid army of Muhammad of Ghor and the Rajput forces of…
Second Battle of TarainBattle · 1192The Second Battle of Tarain was fought in 1192 near Taraori in present-day Haryana, India, a year after the first.- Battle of ChandawarBattle · 1194The Battle of Chandawar was fought in 1194 near the Yamuna, in the area of modern Firozabad in Uttar Pradesh, between the army of Muhammad of Ghor and the Gahadavala…
Battle of AlarcosBattle · 1195The Battle of Alarcos was fought in 1195 in central Spain between the Almohad caliph Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur and King Alfonso VIII of Castile.- Battle of ShamkorBattle · 1195The Battle of Shamkor was fought in 1195 near the town of Shamkor, in modern Azerbaijan, between the army of the Kingdom of Georgia and the forces of the Eldiguzid…
Sieges 3
- Jingkang incidentSiege · 1127The Jingkang incident was the capture of the Northern Song capital Kaifeng by Jurchen Jin forces in 1127, in which the retired emperor Huizong and the reigning emperor…
- Almohad conquest of MarrakeshSiege · 1147The Almohad conquest of Marrakesh was the capture of the Almoravid capital by the forces of Abd al-Mu'min in 1147.
- Siege of Jerusalem (1187)Siege · 1187The Siege of Jerusalem in 1187 was the recapture of Jerusalem by Saladin after his victory over the Crusaders at Hattin.
Wars & campaigns 12
- Jurchen campaigns against the Liao dynastyWar · 1114–1125The Jurchen campaigns against the Liao dynasty were the wars of 1114–1125 in which the Jurchens of Manchuria under Wanyan Aguda rose against the Khitan-led Liao dynasty.
- Ten Years' War (1118–1127)War · 1118–1127The Ten Years' War of 1118–1127 was a conflict between the Italian communes of Milan and Como, sparked by a dispute over the bishopric of Como and control of trade on…
Jin–Song warsWar · 1125–1234The Jin–Song wars were a series of conflicts fought from 1125 to 1234 between the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty and the Song dynasty of China.
Civil war era in NorwayWar · 1130–1240The civil war era in Norway was a period of intermittent wars between rival claimants to the Norwegian throne from 1130 to 1240.
The AnarchyWar · 1138–1153The Anarchy was a civil war in England and Normandy between King Stephen and Empress Matilda, daughter of Henry I, over the succession to the English throne.
Second CrusadeCampaign · 1147–1149The Second Crusade was launched after the Zengid capture of Edessa in 1144, ending the County of Edessa's capital.
Wendish CrusadeCampaign · 1147The Wendish Crusade of 1147 was a campaign of Saxon, Danish and Polish princes against the pagan Slavs, or Wends, east of the Elbe, authorised by Pope Eugenius III as…
Anglo-Norman invasion of IrelandWar · 1169–1171The Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland began in 1169, when Norman knights from Wales landed to support the deposed king of Leinster, Diarmait Mac Murchada.- Cham sack of AngkorCampaign · 1177The Cham sack of Angkor occurred in 1177, when forces of the kingdom of Champa captured and plundered the capital of the Khmer Empire.
Genpei WarWar · 1180–1185The Genpei War was a civil war in Japan between the Taira and Minamoto clans from 1180 to 1185.
Third CrusadeCampaign · 1189–1192The Third Crusade was a military expedition by European Christian powers from 1189 to 1192, launched after Saladin recaptured Jerusalem in 1187.
Livonian CrusadeWar · c. 1198–1290The Livonian Crusade was the conquest and Christianisation of present-day Latvia and Estonia by German crusaders, chiefly the bishops of Riga and the Livonian Brothers…
Revolts & revolutions 1
Treaties 11
- Treaty of GlanmireTreaty · 1118The Treaty of Glanmire was an agreement of 1118 by which Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair, king of Connacht and claimant to the high kingship of Ireland, partitioned the…
Concordat of WormsTreaty · 1122The Concordat of Worms was the agreement of September 1122 between Emperor Henry V and Pope Callixtus II that ended the Investiture Controversy.
Pactum WarmundiTreaty · 1123The Pactum Warmundi was a treaty of alliance concluded in 1123 between the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Republic of Venice, named after Warmund, Patriarch of Jerusalem…- Treaty of MignanoTreaty · Peace · 1139The Treaty of Mignano was concluded on 25 July 1139 between Roger II of Sicily and Pope Innocent II, who had been captured by Roger's forces at Galluccio three days…
- Treaty of ShaoxingTreaty · Peace · 1141The Treaty of Shaoxing of 1141 ended the wars between the Southern Song dynasty and the Jurchen Jin dynasty.
Treaty of ZamoraTreaty · 1143The Treaty of Zamora was the agreement of October 1143 by which Alfonso VII of León and Castile recognised his cousin Afonso Henriques as King of Portugal.
Treaty of FalaiseTreaty · 1174The Treaty of Falaise was imposed in December 1174 on William the Lion, King of Scots, who had been captured at Alnwick while invading England.- Treaty of Windsor (1175)Treaty · 1175The Treaty of Windsor (1175) was agreed between Henry II of England and Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair, the last High King of Ireland, after the Anglo-Norman invasion.
Peace of ConstanceTreaty · Peace · 1183The Peace of Constance of 1183 ended the long war between the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and the Lombard League.- Treaty of BovesTreaty · Peace · 1185The Treaty of Boves of 1185 ended the war between Philip II of France and Philip of Alsace, Count of Flanders, over the inheritance of Vermandois.
- Treaty of Jaffa (1192)Treaty · Peace · 1192The Treaty of Jaffa of 1192 was the agreement that ended the Third Crusade, concluded between Saladin and Richard I of England.