Conflicts & Resolutions · War

Livonian Crusade

c. 1198–1290 · 12th century · Part of the Northern Crusades

The Livonian Crusade was the conquest and Christianisation of present-day Latvia and Estonia by German crusaders, chiefly the bishops of Riga and the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, with Danish forces in northern Estonia, from about 1198 to 1290. The Livs, Latgalians, Estonians, Curonians and Semigallians were subdued in turn. The conquered lands formed the confederation known as Terra Mariana or Livonia.

Livonian Crusade
Image: Unknown authorUnknown author · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Battles and settlements

Cite this entry
APA
The Epoch Institute. (2026). Livonian Crusade. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/livonian-crusade
MLA
“Livonian Crusade.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/livonian-crusade. Accessed .
Chicago
The Epoch Institute. “Livonian Crusade.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/livonian-crusade.
Harvard
The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Livonian Crusade’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/livonian-crusade (Accessed: ).

Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻