Conflicts and resolutions of the 9th century
34 battles, sieges, wars, revolts, crises, treaties and peace settlements, in date order.
Battles 22
Battle of VersinikiaBattle · 813The Battle of Versinikia was fought on 22 June 813 near Versinikia, not far from Adrianople in Thrace.
Battle of EllendunBattle · 825The Battle of Ellendun was fought in 825 near Wroughton in Wiltshire, England, between Ecgberht of Wessex and Beornwulf of Mercia.
Battle of Hingston DownBattle · 838The Battle of Hingston Down was fought in 838 at Hingston Down in east Cornwall, near the River Tamar, where Ecgberht of Wessex defeated a combined army of Cornish…
Battle of FontenoyBattle · 841 CEThe Battle of Fontenoy was fought in 841 CE in Burgundy between the Carolingian emperor Lothair I and his brothers Louis the German and Charles the Bald.
Battle of ClavijoBattle · 844 (legendary)The Battle of Clavijo is a legendary battle said to have been fought in 844 near Clavijo in La Rioja, in which Ramiro I of Asturias defeated a Muslim army with the help…- Battle of TabladaBattle · 844The Battle of Tablada was fought in November 844 near Seville, where the army of the Umayyad emir Abd al-Rahman II defeated Viking raiders who had sacked the city.
- Battle of BallonBattle · 845The Battle of Ballon was fought on 22 November 845 near Bains-sur-Oust in eastern Brittany, between the Breton ruler Nominoe and the West Frankish king Charles the Bald.
Battle of OstiaBattle · 849The Battle of Ostia was fought in 849 off Ostia, the port of Rome, between Muslim raiders from North Africa and an allied fleet from Naples, Amalfi, Gaeta and Sorrento.- Battle of AcleaBattle · 851The Battle of Aclea was fought in 851 between the West Saxons under King Æthelwulf and his son Æthelbald and a large Viking army that had sacked Canterbury and London.
- Battle of JenglandBattle · 851The Battle of Jengland was fought in August 851 near Grand-Fougeray on the border of Brittany, between Erispoe, son of the Breton ruler Nominoe, and the West Frankish…
Battle of AlbeldaBattle · 859The Battle of Albelda was fought in 859 near Albelda in La Rioja, northern Spain, where King Ordoño I of Asturias defeated Musa ibn Musa of the Banu Qasi, the dominant…
Battle of LalakaonBattle · 863The Battle of Lalakaon was fought on 3 September 863 in Paphlagonia, in northern Asia Minor, between a Byzantine army under Petronas and the forces of Umar al-Aqta…
Battle of AshdownBattle · 871The Battle of Ashdown was fought on 8 January 871 between the West Saxons, led by King Æthelred I and his brother Alfred, and the Great Heathen Army of the Danes.
Battle of Bathys RyaxBattle · 872 or 878The Battle of Bathys Ryax was fought in central Anatolia between the Byzantine army of Emperor Basil I and the Paulicians of Tephrike, probably in 872 or 878.
Battle of HafrsfjordBattle · c. 872The Battle of Hafrsfjord was a naval battle in the fjord near present-day Stavanger in Rogaland, traditionally dated around 872 but possibly later.- Battle of Dayr al-AqulBattle · 876The Battle of Dayr al-Aqul was fought in 876 on the Tigris south-east of Baghdad.
Battle of EdingtonBattle · 878The Battle of Edington was fought in May 878 in Wiltshire, England, between the West Saxons under Alfred the Great and the Viking army of Guthrum.
Battle of PolvorariaBattle · 878The Battle of Polvoraria was fought in 878 near the confluence of the Órbigo and Esla rivers in León, where the forces of Alfonso III of Asturias defeated an army of…- Battle of SripurambiyamBattle · c. 885The Battle of Sripurambiyam was fought around 885 near Kumbakonam in the Kaveri delta, when the Pallava king Aparajita and his ally Prithvipati I of the Western Gangas…
- Battle of QuestembertBattle · c. 888The Battle of Questembert was fought around 888 or 890 near Questembert in southern Brittany, where Alan, count of Vannes, later called Alan the Great, defeated a large…
- Battle of PoleyBattle · 891The Battle of Poley was fought in 891 near Poley, the modern town of Aguilar de la Frontera south of Córdoba, between the army of the Umayyad emir Abd Allah and the…
Battle of BulgarophygonBattle · 896The Battle of Bulgarophygon was fought in 896 near the town of that name in eastern Thrace, now Babaeski in Turkey.
Wars & campaigns 3
Carolingian civil warWar · 840–843The Carolingian civil war (840–843) was fought among the sons of Emperor Louis the Pious over the Frankish empire after his death in 840.
Byzantine–Bulgarian war of 894–896War · 894–896The Byzantine–Bulgarian war of 894–896 was fought between the Bulgarian Empire under Simeon I and the Byzantine Empire of Leo VI, after the Bulgarian market in…
Hungarian invasions of EuropeCampaign · c. 899–970The Hungarian invasions of Europe were the raids made by the Magyars from the Carpathian Basin into Germany, Italy, France and the Balkans between about 899 and 970.
Revolts & revolutions 4
- Revolt of the ArrabalRevolt · 818The Revolt of the Arrabal was a rising in 818 of the people of the southern suburb (rabad) of Córdoba against the Umayyad emir al-Hakam I, fuelled by taxation and…
- Field of LiesRevolt · 833 CEThe Field of Lies was the place near Colmar where, in 833 CE, the army of Emperor Louis the Pious deserted to his rebellious sons.
Zanj RebellionRevolt · 869–883The Zanj Rebellion was a major revolt in southern Iraq from 869 to 883, led by Ali ibn Muhammad and involving enslaved East Africans, known as the Zanj, who laboured in…
Huang Chao RebellionRevolt · 874–884The Huang Chao Rebellion was a large uprising in China from 874 to 884, led by the salt smuggler Huang Chao.
Treaties 5
- Peace of Aachen (812)Treaty · Peace · 812The Peace of Aachen of 812 was the settlement between Charlemagne and the Byzantine emperor Michael I, whose envoys at Aachen acknowledged Charlemagne as emperor.
Treaty of VerdunTreaty · Peace · 843 CEThe Treaty of Verdun was the agreement of 843 CE that divided the Carolingian Empire among the three surviving grandsons of Charlemagne: Lothar, Louis the German and…- Treaty of Angers (851)Treaty · Peace · 851The Treaty of Angers was agreed in 851 between the West Frankish king Charles the Bald and the Breton ruler Erispoe after the Breton victory at Jengland.
Treaty of PrümTreaty · 855The Treaty of Prüm was the arrangement of September 855 by which the dying Emperor Lothair I divided Middle Francia among his three sons at the abbey of Prüm in the…
Treaty of MeerssenTreaty · 870The Treaty of Meerssen was concluded in August 870 by the Carolingian kings Louis the German and Charles the Bald, who divided between them the Middle Frankish kingdom…