Conflicts & Resolutions · War
War of Parma
The War of Parma was fought in 1551–1552 between Pope Julius III and Emperor Charles V on one side and Ottavio Farnese, duke of Parma, backed by Henry II of France, on the other. It began when Ottavio, fearing the loss of Parma, placed himself under French protection. It ended in a truce that left Parma to the Farnese and merged into the wider Italian War of 1551–1559.

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- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). War of Parma. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/war-of-parma
- MLA
- “War of Parma.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/war-of-parma. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “War of Parma.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/war-of-parma.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘War of Parma’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/war-of-parma (Accessed: ).
Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻