Conflicts & Resolutions · Revolution
Revolutions of 1989
The revolutions of 1989 were the wave of largely peaceful uprisings that overthrew the communist regimes of Central and Eastern Europe. Beginning with negotiated change in Poland, where the trade union Solidarity won partly free elections in June, they spread to Hungary, East Germany, Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia, and in Romania ended in bloodshed and the execution of Nicolae Ceaușescu. They brought down the Iron Curtain, led to the reunification of Germany in 1990 and opened the way to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
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- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). Revolutions of 1989. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/revolutions-of-1989
- MLA
- “Revolutions of 1989.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/revolutions-of-1989. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “Revolutions of 1989.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/revolutions-of-1989.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Revolutions of 1989’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/revolutions-of-1989 (Accessed: ).
Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻