Person

Shen Kuo

1031–1095 · 11th century

Shen Kuo was a Chinese scholar-official and polymath of the Northern Song dynasty who served under Wang Anshi's reform government. In his Dream Pool Essays (completed about 1088) he described the magnetic needle compass and magnetic declination, Bi Sheng's movable type, fossils and land formation, and many problems of astronomy, mathematics and engineering, making the work one of the richest records of Song science and technology.

Shen Kuo
Image: Hans A. Rosbach · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons

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APA
The Epoch Institute. (2026). Shen Kuo. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/shen-kuo
MLA
“Shen Kuo.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/shen-kuo. Accessed .
Chicago
The Epoch Institute. “Shen Kuo.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/shen-kuo.
Harvard
The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Shen Kuo’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/shen-kuo (Accessed: ).

Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻