Institution
Xiang jun
The xiang jun was the professional standing army of the Song Dynasty. It was very large, with estimates of over one million men under arms at its peak. However, it was notoriously ill-disciplined, under-equipped and led by civil officials, reflecting the Song priority of civilian control over military power.
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Cite this entry
- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). Xiang jun. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/xiang-jun
- MLA
- “Xiang jun.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/xiang-jun. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “Xiang jun.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/xiang-jun.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Xiang jun’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/xiang-jun (Accessed: ).
Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻