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Wujing Zongyao
The Wujing Zongyao (Complete Essentials for the Military Classics) is a Chinese military compendium compiled between 1040 and 1044 by Zeng Gongliang, Ding Du and Yang Weide on the order of Emperor Renzong of Song. Covering strategy, fortification, weapons and naval warfare, it contains the earliest known written formulas for gunpowder, given for incendiary and smoke bombs launched by catapult, and describes a fish-shaped magnetised compass.
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- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). Wujing Zongyao. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/wujing-zongyao
- MLA
- “Wujing Zongyao.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/wujing-zongyao. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “Wujing Zongyao.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/wujing-zongyao.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Wujing Zongyao’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/wujing-zongyao (Accessed: ).
Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻