Manuel Noriega

Manuel Noriega was a Panamanian general who, after heading military intelligence under Omar Torrijos, became commander of the Panama Defence Forces and de facto ruler of Panama from 1983 to 1989. Long a CIA informant, he was indicted in the United States for drug trafficking in 1988 and annulled the election of 1989. American forces invaded in December 1989, and he surrendered in January 1990, then served long prison sentences in the United States, France and Panama.