other · China, Tibet and Mongolia

Mengjiang

1936 CE – 1945 CE · capital Kalgan (Zhangjiakou)

The Japanese-sponsored Mongol autonomous state in Inner Mongolia under Prince Demchugdongrub, which ruled from Kalgan until 1945.

Origins

Prince Demchugdongrub (De Wang) led an Inner Mongolian movement for autonomy from China and turned to the Kwantung Army for support. A Mongol Military Government was formed in 1936. After Japanese forces occupied Chahar, Suiyuan and northern Shanxi in 1937, three client governments were set up, and in 1939 they merged as the Mengjiang United Autonomous Government at Kalgan (Zhangjiakou).

Rule and society

Japanese advisers controlled policy, but the state allowed Mongols a voice in their own affairs and promoted Mongolian language, schools and Buddhism alongside a much larger Chinese farming population. Its economy supplied coal, iron ore and other resources to Japan. From 1940 it was nominally part of the Wang Jingwei regime while remaining autonomous, and in 1941 it was restyled the Mongolian Autonomous Federation.

Decline and legacy

Soviet and Mongolian forces invaded in August 1945, and the state collapsed; the region later became part of Inner Mongolia in the People's Republic of China. Demchugdongrub later fled to the Mongolian People's Republic, was handed to China and imprisoned until 1963.

Connections (2)

More states of China, Tibet and Mongolia →

Cite this page
APA
The Epoch Institute. (2026). Mengjiang. In The Epoch Institute States Register. https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/mengjiang
MLA
“Mengjiang.” The Epoch Institute States Register, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/mengjiang. Accessed .
Chicago
The Epoch Institute. “Mengjiang.” The Epoch Institute States Register. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/mengjiang.
Harvard
The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Mengjiang’, The Epoch Institute States Register. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/mengjiang (Accessed: ).

Last reviewed October 2026Random state ↻