Person
António Vicente da Cruz
António Vicente da Cruz, known as Bonga, was a member of the Afro-Portuguese Da Cruz family who ruled Massangano on the Zambezi in present-day Mozambique in the mid-nineteenth century. With Chikunda soldiers based in stockaded forts, he controlled river traffic and destroyed several Portuguese expeditions sent against him between 1867 and 1869, making his state a leading independent power on the lower Zambezi.
Mentioned in 1 state history
See also
Cite this entry
- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). António Vicente da Cruz. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/antonio-vicente-da-cruz
- MLA
- “António Vicente da Cruz.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/antonio-vicente-da-cruz. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “António Vicente da Cruz.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/antonio-vicente-da-cruz.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘António Vicente da Cruz’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/antonio-vicente-da-cruz (Accessed: ).
Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻