Augustus (Roman emperor)

Augustus, born Gaius Octavius and known as Octavian before 27 BCE, was the first Roman emperor. He defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BCE and annexed Egypt, ending the Ptolemaic Empire. He then established the principate, reorganising the army, provinces and finances, and ruled until his death in 14 CE as the founder of the Roman Empire.