Person
Francisco Álvarez de Toledo
Francisco Álvarez de Toledo was viceroy of Peru from 1569 to 1581 and the chief organiser of Spanish colonial rule in the Andes. He moved indigenous people into planned towns called reducciones, reorganised the mita labour draft for the silver mines of Potosí and the mercury mines of Huancavelica, and fixed tribute. In 1572 he sent the expedition that took Vilcabamba and had the last Inca ruler, Túpac Amaru, executed in Cusco.
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Mentioned in 2 state histories
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- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). Francisco Álvarez de Toledo. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/francisco-alvarez-de-toledo
- MLA
- “Francisco Álvarez de Toledo.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/francisco-alvarez-de-toledo. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “Francisco Álvarez de Toledo.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/francisco-alvarez-de-toledo.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Francisco Álvarez de Toledo’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/francisco-alvarez-de-toledo (Accessed: ).
Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻