Institution
Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle
The Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle was one of the Imperial Circles of the Holy Roman Empire, created in 1500 for defence, taxation and the keeping of the peace. Covering much of north-western Germany between the Weser and the Low Countries, it included the bishoprics of Münster, Paderborn and Liège, the duchies of Jülich, Cleves and Berg, and many small counties. It ended with the Empire in 1806.
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Mentioned in 2 state histories
See also
Cite this entry
- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/lower-rhenish-westphalian-circle
- MLA
- “Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/lower-rhenish-westphalian-circle. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/lower-rhenish-westphalian-circle.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/lower-rhenish-westphalian-circle (Accessed: ).
Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻