Religion / idea · ideology
Social democracy
Social democracy is a centre-left ideology that seeks social equality through gradual, democratic reform within a regulated, mostly capitalist economy. Born in the 19th-century labour movement, it parted from communism after 1917 and built the welfare states of post-war Europe; since the 1970s it has contended with neoliberalism, the Third Way and electoral decline.
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Cite this entry
- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). Social democracy. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/social-democracy
- MLA
- “Social democracy.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/social-democracy. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “Social democracy.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/social-democracy.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Social democracy’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/social-democracy (Accessed: ).
Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻