Place · site
Toprakkale
Toprakkale is the site of a Urartian citadel on a hill east of Van in eastern Turkey, identified with Rusahinili, founded in the seventh century BCE as a new royal centre near the old capital Tushpa. It contained a major temple of the god Haldi. Excavations and unauthorised digging in the late nineteenth century scattered its bronze furniture fittings, shields and other finds among museums in Europe.
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- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). Toprakkale. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/toprakkale
- MLA
- “Toprakkale.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/toprakkale. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “Toprakkale.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/toprakkale.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Toprakkale’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/toprakkale (Accessed: ).
Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻