tribal confederation · North America and Oceania
Hasinai Confederacy
Origins
The Hasinai were one of three Caddo confederacies, alongside the Kadohadacho and Natchitoches, descended from mound-building Caddoan cultures that flourished from around 800 in the forests where Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas and Oklahoma meet. By about 1500 several Hasinai communities along the upper Neches and Angelina rivers had formed a loose alliance.
Rule and society
A religious leader, the xinesi, kept the sacred fire in a temple, while village chiefs, the caddi, governed with the help of officials. Dispersed farmsteads of tall grass houses grew maize, beans and squash, and the Caddo made fine engraved pottery and traded salt and bows. Spanish Texas began with the mission of San Francisco de los Tejas among the Hasinai in 1690, and after 1714 they traded guns and horses with the French at Natchitoches.
Decline and legacy
Epidemics sharply reduced the Hasinai in the 18th century. After Texan independence they were pushed onto the Brazos Reserve in 1855 and in 1859 removed to Indian Territory. Their descendants form the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma.
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Cite this page
- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). Hasinai Confederacy. In The Epoch Institute States Register. https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/hasinai-confederacy
- MLA
- “Hasinai Confederacy.” The Epoch Institute States Register, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/hasinai-confederacy. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “Hasinai Confederacy.” The Epoch Institute States Register. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/hasinai-confederacy.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Hasinai Confederacy’, The Epoch Institute States Register. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/hasinai-confederacy (Accessed: ).
Last reviewed October 2026Random state ↻