18 July in history

9 events that happened on 18 July, from 477 BCE to 1936.

International day

Nelson Mandela International Day

Proclaimed by the United Nations in 2009 on the birthday of Nelson Mandela, this day invites individuals to devote 67 minutes of service to their communities — one minute for each year Mandela spent in public life.

  1. ✦ Anniversary of the day

    477 BCE 2,502 years ago

    Veii ambushes and destroys the Fabii at the Cremera

    The Etruscan city of Veii ambushed the Roman Fabii, who had been raiding its territory, and killed them all at the Cremera. Only Quintus Fabius Vibulanus, too young to go to war, survived in Rome.

    Roman Republic

  2. 64 CE 1,962 years ago

    The Great Fire of Rome breaks out

    Fire broke out near the Circus Maximus and raged for days, gutting ten of Rome's fourteen districts. Rumour blamed Nero; Tacitus records that he blamed the Christians, beginning their first persecution.

    Tacitus

  3. 1195 CE 831 years ago

    The Almohads defeat Alfonso VIII of Castile at Alarcos

    The Almohad caliph Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur defeated King Alfonso VIII of Castile, whose army retreated to Toledo, while the Almohads retook Trujillo, Montánchez and Talavera. The battle marked the high point of Almohad power in Iberia.

    Battle of AlarcosAlmohad CaliphateAlfonso VIII

  4. 1290 CE 736 years ago

    Edward I orders the expulsion of the Jews from England

    Edward I issued the Edict of Expulsion, ordering all Jews to leave England by 1 November. Several thousand were forced out, and Jews were not readmitted until the Cromwellian era of the 1650s.

    England

  5. 1389 CE 637 years ago

    England and France agree the Truce of Leulinghem

    Richard II's England and Charles VI's France, both facing serious internal troubles, agreed the Truce of Leulinghem, ending the Caroline War of the Hundred Years' War. It began a 13-year peace, the longest of the war.

    Hundred Years' War

  6. 1863 CE 163 years ago

    The 54th Massachusetts leads the assault on Fort Wagner

    The 54th Massachusetts, one of the first Black regiments in the Union army, led a night attack on Fort Wagner near Charleston. The assault failed with heavy losses, but the regiment's courage changed Northern opinion.

  7. 1870 CE 156 years ago

    The First Vatican Council defines papal infallibility

    The council adopted Pastor aeternus, declaring the Pope free from error when he defines doctrine on faith or morals ex cathedra. The decree strengthened papal authority and caused a schism with the Old Catholics.

  8. 1925 CE 101 years ago

    The first volume of Hitler's Mein Kampf is published

    Hitler's autobiography and manifesto, written partly in prison, set out his antisemitism and his aim of conquering 'living space' in the east. Its ideas foreshadowed the policies of the Third Reich.

  9. 1936 CE 90 years ago

    Military uprising launches the Spanish Civil War

    Following the army revolt in Morocco the day before, garrisons across Spain rose against the Republic. The war lasted nearly three years and ended in General Franco's dictatorship.

Born on 18 July 6

Died on 18 July 6

Dates as the sources give them: in the Julian calendar before 1582, and in some countries for longer (Britain until 1752, Russia until 1918). Only people whose day of birth or death the records agree on are listed.

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